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Shloka 12

Adhyaya 4Jaimini Meets the Dharmapakshis: Four Doubts on the Mahabharata and the Opening of Narayana Doctrine

दत्त्वा याचन्ति पुरुषा हत्वा वध्यन्ति चापरे ।

पातयित्वा च पात्यन्ते त एव तपसः क्षयात् ॥

dattvā yācanti puruṣā hatvā vadhyanti cāpare /

pātayitvā ca pātyante ta eva tapasaḥ kṣayāt

施したのち、人はやがて乞う。殺したのち、他者によって自らも殺される。また他者を堕とした者は、苦行の蓄え(tapas)が尽きるとき、まさにその者自身も低く落とされる。

दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/preceding action)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदा (धातु) + त्वा (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive)
याचन्तिthey beg/ask
याचन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootयाच् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
पुरुषाःmen; people
पुरुषाः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
हत्वाhaving killed
हत्वा:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहन् (धातु) + त्वा (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund)
वध्यन्तिthey kill/slay
वध्यन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवध् (धातु)
Formलट्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
पातयित्वाhaving caused to fall; having thrown down
पातयित्वा:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपत् (धातु) + णिच् (causative) + त्वा (कृदन्त)
Formणिजन्त-क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (causative gerund)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)
पात्यन्तेthey are cast down / they fall
पात्यन्ते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपत् (धातु) + णिच् (causative)
Formलट्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada); णिजन्त (causative) — ‘they are made to fall/they fall (as a result)’
तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
एवindeed; just
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपात (restrictive)
तपसःof austerity; of penance
तपसः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/source-possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन
क्षयात्from (the) decline; due to loss
क्षयात्:
Hetu/Apadana (हेतु/अपादान cause/source)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th case), एकवचन
Not explicitly identifiable from the single verse alone (likely within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic narration rather than the later Dharmapakshi frame); requires adjacent verses for precise speaker attribution

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaKarma and retribution (karmaphala)Impermanence of merit (puṇya/tapas-kṣaya)Ethical causality

FAQs

The verse states a moral symmetry: actions rebound upon the doer. Harm (killing, causing another’s downfall) ripens as harm to oneself; even apparent worldly reversals (a giver later becoming a beggar) are framed as consequences unfolding when one’s accumulated merit/austerity is depleted. The ethical thrust is restraint (ahiṃsā), humility, and vigilance that one’s present status is not permanent.

This verse is not primarily sarga (creation), pratisarga (dissolution/re-creation), vaṃśa (genealogies), manvantara (Manu cycles), or vaṃśānucarita (dynastic histories). It belongs to the Purāṇic didactic layer (dharma-upadeśa) often interwoven with narratives—adjacent to, but not itself, a pañcalakṣaṇa datum.

Esoterically, “tapasaḥ kṣaya” points to the finite nature of accumulated spiritual ‘credit’ when mixed with ego, violence, or adharmic intent. As that protective luminosity wanes, latent karmic seeds manifest as reversal and downfall. The verse thus hints that tapas without ethical alignment does not yield stable uplift; inner purification and non-harm are the sustaining ‘seal’ of merit.