Shloka 90

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

कुर्वीत साधुभिर्मैत्रीं सदाचारावलम्बिभिः ।

प्राज्ञैरपिशुनैः शक्तैः कर्मण्युद्योगभागिभिः ॥

Transliteration

kurvīta sādhubhir maitrīṃ sadācārāvalambibhiḥ |

prājñair apiśunaiḥ śaktaiḥ karmaṇy udyogabhāgibhiḥ ||

Translation

善き人々—正しい行いに専心する者—と友情を育むべきである。彼らは賢く、誹謗せず、有能で、仕事における勤勉と進取の気概を共にする。

Word by Word

• kurvīta: should cultivate/do
• kurvīta: Karta (कर्ता/implicit ‘one should’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (कृ)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचन

• sādhubhiḥ: with the good/virtuous
• sādhubhiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sādhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन

• maitrīm: friendship
• maitrīm: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: maitrī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन

• sad-ācāra-avalambibhiḥ: with those who adhere to good conduct
• sad-ācāra-avalambibhiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sat (प्रातिपदिक) + ācāra (प्रातिपदिक) + avalambin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन; विशेषण-प्रयोगः; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (सदाचारम् अवलम्बन्ते ये)

• prājñaiḥ: with the wise
• prājñaiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prājña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन

• apiśunaiḥ: with the non-slanderous
• apiśunaiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a- (नञ्) + piśuna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन; विशेषण-प्रयोगः; समासः—नञ्-तत्पुरुषः (अपिशुन = not slanderous)

• śaktaiḥ: with the capable
• śaktaiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śakta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √śak (शक्) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (capable/able)

• karmaṇi: in work
• karmaṇi: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• udyoga-bhāgibhiḥ: with those who share in enterprise/effort
• udyoga-bhāgibhiḥ: Sahakari (सहकारी/Instrumental association)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: udyoga (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāgin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन; विशेषण-प्रयोगः; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (उद्योगस्य भागिनः = sharing in effort/enterprising)

Speakers

• Unspecified in input (didactic instruction)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Satsaṅga
• Nīti (practical wisdom)
• Ethical friendship

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Positive association is not merely ‘piety’ but functional: wisdom, discretion, non-malicious speech, competence, and industriousness create a stable moral ecology for household life and society.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/nīti instruction; supportive ethical material, outside the five lakṣaṇas.

What is the esoteric significance?

Satsaṅga is an inner discipline: aligning with ‘sādhus’ symbolizes aligning the self with sattvic qualities—truthful conduct, clear discernment, harmless speech, and energetic right action.