Shloka 33

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

गयायामथवा पिण्डं खड्गमांसं महाहविः । कालशाकं तिलाढ्यं वा कृसरं मासतृप्तये ॥

Transliteration

gayāyām athavā piṇḍaṃ khaḍgamāṃsaṃ mahāhaviḥ / kālaśākaṃ tilāḍhyaṃ vā kṛsaraṃ māsatṛptaye

Translation

ガヤー（Gayā）においてはピṇḍa（供団）を捧げ得る。またサイの肉は大いなる供物と宣言される。あるいは黒い葉菜、または胡麻を豊かに含む kṛsara（米と豆の料理）を供えてもよい—これらは祖霊ピトリ（Pitṛ）を一か月満足させると説かれる。

Word by Word

• गयायाम्: in Gayā
• गयायाम्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; स्थानवाचक (locative of place)

• अथवा: or
• अथवा: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथवा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय (alternative particle)

• पिण्डम्: a piṇḍa (funeral rice-ball offering)
• पिण्डम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• खड्गमांसम्: rhinoceros meat
• खड्गमांसम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खड्ग + मांस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (खड्गस्य मांसम्)

• महाहविः: a great oblation
• महाहविः: Karta/Predicate-nominal (कर्ता/विशेष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा + हविस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (महच्च तत् हविः)

• कालशाकम्: kāla-śāka (a kind of leafy vegetable)
• कालशाकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल + शाक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (कालस्य शाकम् / काल-नामकं शाकम्)

• तिलाढ्यम्: rich in sesame
• तिलाढ्यम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तिल + आढ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण; तत्पुरुष (तिलैः आढ्यम् = sesame-rich)

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय (alternative particle)

• कृसरम्: kṛsara (a rice-and-pulse dish)
• कृसरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृसर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• मासतृप्तये: for monthly satisfaction (of the ancestors)
• मासतृप्तये: Sampradāna/Purpose (सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास + तृप्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; प्रयोजनार्थ दत्तिव (dative of purpose); तत्पुरुष (मासस्य तृप्तिः)

Speakers

• Madālasā instructing (to her son) in dharma/ritual matters (continuing śrāddha instructions)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (ancestors)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Śrāddha
• Tīrtha (Gayā)
• Ritual offerings

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Gratitude to one’s lineage is treated as a concrete duty (pitṛ-ṛṇa). The text frames food-gifts and offerings as carriers of remembrance and responsibility, with specified results to encourage regular observance.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Dharma/Ācāra material rather than the five purāṇic markers; it is ancillary instruction often embedded within Purāṇas alongside sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

Gayā symbolizes a ‘crossing-place’ where memory and merit are intensified. The graded ‘duration of satisfaction’ encodes the idea that intention + proper rite stabilizes subtle continuity between generations.