Shloka 32

Adhyaya 29 — Alarka’s Inquiry and Madalasa’s Teaching on Householder Dharma (Gārhasthya), Vaiśvadeva, and Atithi Hospitality

Sanskrit

स दत्त्वा दुष्कृतं तस्मै पुण्यमादाय गच्छति ।

अप्यम्बुशाकदानेन यद्वाप्यश्नाति स स्वयम् ॥

Transliteration

sa dattvā duṣkṛtaṃ tasmai puṇyam ādāya gacchati / apy ambuśākadānena yadvāpy aśnāti sa svayam

Translation

その客は去りゆくにあたり、自らの罪過をその（主人）に与え、主人の功徳を持ち去る—主人がただ水と青菜を施すのみであれ、あるいは客が自らそれを食したとしても。

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• dattvā: having given
• dattvā: Kriyā (क्रिया-पूर्वक)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dā (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), indeclinable; denotes prior action

• duṣkṛtam: evil deed/sin
• duṣkṛtam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: duṣkṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• tasmai: to him
• tasmai: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular

• puṇyam: merit
• puṇyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• ādāya: having taken
• ādāya: Kriyā (क्रिया-पूर्वक)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-dā (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
• Form: Gerund (ल्यप्), indeclinable; denotes prior action

• gacchati: goes
• gacchati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• api: even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) meaning even/also

• ambu-śāka-dānena: by the gift of water and greens
• ambu-śāka-dānena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ambu (प्रातिपदिक) + śāka (प्रातिपदिक) + dāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; dvandva: ambu ca śākaṃ ca (water and greens) + dāna (gift)

• yat: whatever
• yat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; relative pronoun, object of aśnāti

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Disjunctive particle (विकल्पार्थक निपात)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) meaning also/even

• aśnāti: eats
• aśnāti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: aś (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• svayam: himself
• svayam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: Indeclinable adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

Speakers

• Dharma-instruction voice within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic section

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Atithi-satkāra
• Puṇya-pāpa transfer motif
• Merit
• Generosity

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse intensifies the duty of hospitality: refusal harms the host spiritually, while even modest offerings (water/greens) uphold dharma.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Normative dharma teaching; not a pancalakṣaṇa segment.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘exchange’ of puṇya/pāpa dramatizes how intention and reception shape karmic outcomes: the guest becomes a mirror through which the host’s inner generosity is measured.