Shloka 29

Adhyaya 28 — Alarka Inquires into Varna and Ashrama Dharma; Madalasa Defines the Fourfold Duties

Sanskrit

सर्वसङ्गपरित्यागो ब्रह्मचर्यमकोपिता । यतेन्द्रियत्ममावासे नैकस्मिन् वसतिः चिरम् ॥

Transliteration

sarvasaṅgaparityāgo brahmacaryam akopitā | yatendriyatvam āvāse naikasmin vasatiś ciram ||

Translation

一切の執着の放棄、梵行（禁欲）と無瞋、諸根の制御、そして住処において一所に久しく留まらぬこと—これらが第四のアーシュラマの相である。

Word by Word

• सर्वसङ्गपरित्यागः: renunciation of all attachments
• सर्वसङ्गपरित्यागः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व-सङ्ग-परित्याग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (‘renunciation of all attachments’)

• ब्रह्मचर्यम्: celibacy/continence
• ब्रह्मचर्यम्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मचर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अकोपिता: freedom from anger
• अकोपिता: कर्ता (Karta/Subject complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-कोपिता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नञ्-समास/उपसर्ग-निषेध (negated adjective): ‘non-anger, freedom from wrath’

• यतेन्द्रियत्मम्: restraint of the senses
• यतेन्द्रियत्मम्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यत-इन्द्रिय-त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कृदन्त-विशेषण ‘यत’ (restrained) + इन्द्रिय + त्व (abstract noun): ‘state of having restrained senses’

• आवासे: in a dwelling/place
• आवासे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आवास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, निषेधार्थक निपात (negation: ‘not’)

• एकस्मिन्: in one (place)
• एकस्मिन्: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, सप्तमी, एकवचन; विशेषण (‘in one (place)’)

• वसतिः: residence/staying
• वसतिः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘dwelling/residence’

• चिरम्: for long
• चिरम्: कालाधिकरण (Temporal setting)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चिरम् (अव्यय/नपुंसक-प्रयोग)
• Form: अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः, कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of time: ‘for long’)

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vairagya", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Sannyāsa
• Vairāgya (detachment)
• Krodha-nigraha (anger control)
• Indriya-nigraha (sense restraint)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The renunciant ideal is defined more by inner virtues (detachment, non-anger, sense-control) than by external status; mobility prevents new dependencies and social entanglements.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical-dharma instruction; not a direct pancalakṣaṇa item.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Not staying long in one place’ also signifies non-abidance in mental ‘places’—views, identities, and emotional stations—supporting steady witnessing.