Shloka 13

Adhyaya 28 — Alarka Inquires into Varna and Ashrama Dharma; Madalasa Defines the Fourfold Duties

Sanskrit

गुरोः कर्मणि सोद्योगः सम्यक् प्रीत्युपपादनम् ।

तेनाहूतः पठेच्चैव तत्परो नान्यमानसः ॥

Transliteration

guroḥ karmaṇi sodyogaḥ samyak prītyupapādanam | tenāhūtaḥ paṭhec caiva tatparo nānyamānasaḥ ||

Translation

師（グル）の務めに励み、正しく師の満足を養うべきである。師に呼ばれたなら、他念なくそれのみに心を向けて学び／誦すべきである。

Word by Word

• गुरोः: of the teacher
• गुरोः: Sambandha (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन

• कर्मणि: in (his) work/service
• कर्मणि: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/locative), एकवचन

• स-उद्योगः: diligent effort
• स-उद्योगः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sa (उपसर्ग/प्रातिपदिक 'with') + udyoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष: 'उद्योगः सहितः' (diligent effort)

• सम्यक्: properly
• सम्यक्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samyak (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (properly)

• प्रीति-उपपादनम्: causing (the teacher’s) satisfaction
• प्रीति-उपपादनम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prīti (प्रातिपदिक) + upapādana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'प्रीतेः उपपादनम्' (bringing about satisfaction/pleasure)

• तेन: by him/thereby
• तेन: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन; 'by him/thereby'

• आहूतः: when called
• आहूतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āhūta (आ + √hū धातु; क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; past passive participle: 'having been called'

• पठेत्: should recite
• पठेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √paṭh (पठ् धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद: 'should recite/read'

• च: and
• च: None (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय (and)

• एव: indeed/only
• एव: None (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारण (emphasis: only/indeed)

• तत्-परः: devoted to that (duty)
• तत्-परः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम) + para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: 'तस्मिन् परः' (devoted to that)

• न: not
• न: None (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, निषेध (not)

• अन्य-मानसः: with mind not elsewhere (undistracted)
• अन्य-मानसः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक) + mānasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि: 'अन्यं मानसं यस्य' (whose mind is elsewhere)

Speakers

• Not specified in the provided excerpt (instructional voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Brahmacarya
• Guru-sevā
• Concentration
• Discipline

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Learning is safeguarded by character: service, gratitude, and attentiveness are treated as prerequisites for receiving instruction and retaining it.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma instruction (educational ethics), ancillary to the five-lakṣaṇa topics.

What is the esoteric significance?

Single-pointedness (ekāgratā) is implied: the ‘no other mind’ instruction is a direct yogic cue—knowledge dawns when attention is not fragmented.