Shloka 4

Adhyaya 22 — Dharma of Giving

Sanskrit

स यथोक्तस्ततः पित्रा तथा चक्रे नृपात्मजः ।

परिक्रम्य महीं सर्वां ववन्दे चरणौ पितुः ॥

Transliteration

sa yathoktas tataḥ pitrā tathā cakre nṛpātmajaḥ | parikramya mahīṃ sarvāṃ vavande caraṇau pituḥ

Translation

父にこのように教え諭されて、王子はそのとおりに実行した。国土をくまなく巡ったのち、父の御足にひれ伏して礼拝した。

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; Pronoun, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यथोक्तः: as instructed
• यथोक्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यथा + उक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव (यथा उक्तः = as said); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; Past passive participle from वच्/वद् (उक्त) used adjectivally

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रम/हेतुवाचक-अव्यय (then/thereupon)

• पित्रा: by (his) father
• पित्रा: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• तथा: thus
• तथा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (thus)

• चक्रे: did
• चक्रे: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Perfect, 3rd person singular (parasmaipada)

• नृपात्मजः: the king’s son
• नृपात्मजः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप + आत्मज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (नृपस्य आत्मजः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• परिक्रम्य: having gone around
• परिक्रम्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + क्रम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund); ‘having circumambulated/traversed’

• महीम्: the earth
• महीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मही (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• सर्वाम्: entire
• सर्वाम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; Feminine, Accusative, Singular; agrees with ‘महीम्’

• ववन्दे: bowed, paid homage
• ववन्दे: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वन्द् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Perfect, 3rd person singular (ātmanepada)

• चरणौ: (two) feet
• चरणौ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; Masculine, Accusative, Dual

• पितुः: of (his) father
• पितुः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; Masculine, Genitive, Singular

Speakers

• Narrator

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Filial piety
• Royal discipline

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is transmitted through lineage and instruction; the prince’s obedience and reverence illustrate the ideal of disciplined action followed by humility before elders.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita: portrayal of princely conduct and the ethical formation of a ruler.

What is the esoteric significance?

Circumambulating the 'land' can symbolize taking responsibility for the whole field of action (karma-kṣetra), then returning to the source of guidance (the father/guru principle) with surrender.