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Shloka 84

Sūrya-stava: Dhaumya’s Counsel and the Aṣṭaśata-nāma of Sūrya

युधिष्ठिरं भोजयित्वा शेषमश्नाति पार्षती । द्रौपद्यां भुज्यमानायां तदन्न॑ क्षयमेति च । एवं दिवाकरात्‌ प्राप्प दिवाकरसमप्रभ:,युधिष्ठिको भोजन कराकर द्रौपदी शेष अन्न स्वयं खाती थी। द्रौपदीके भोजन कर लेनेपर उस पात्रका अन्न समाप्त हो जाता था। इस प्रकार सूर्यसे मनोवांछित वरोंको पाकर उन्हींके समान तेजस्वी प्रभावशाली राजा युधिष्ठिर ब्राह्मणोंको नियमपूर्वक अन्नदान करने लगे। पुरोहितोंको आगे करके उत्तम तिथि, नक्षत्र एवं पर्वोपर विधि और मन्त्रके प्रमाणके अनुसार उनके यज्ञसम्बन्धी कार्य होने लगे

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

yudhiṣṭhiraṁ bhojayitvā śeṣam aśnāti pārṣatī |

draupadyāṁ bhujyamānāyāṁ tad annaṁ kṣayam eti ca ||

ヴァイシャṃパーヤナは語った。ユディシュティラに食を与えたのち、パールシャティー(ドラウパディー)は残りを自ら食した。そしてドラウパディーが食べ始めると、その器の食は尽きてしまうのである。(かくして天与の糧も、節制と秩序の掟に従っていた――まずもてなしと義務、次いで己の必要である。)

युधिष्ठिरम्Yudhiṣṭhira (as object)
युधिष्ठिरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भोजयित्वाhaving fed
भोजयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (भोजयति, caus.)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (causative usage), Non-finite
शेषम्the remainder
शेषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशेष
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
अश्नातिeats
अश्नाति:
TypeVerb
Rootअश्
FormLat (Present), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पार्षतीPārṣatī (Draupadī)
पार्षती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्षती
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
द्रौपद्याम्when/while Draupadī (is ...)
द्रौपद्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौपदी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
भुज्यमानायाम्being eaten / while eating (in progress)
भुज्यमानायाम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
Formशानच् (present passive participle), Feminine, Locative, Singular, Passive
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
क्षयम्to destruction/end
क्षयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एतिgoes/comes (reaches)
एति:
TypeVerb
Root
FormLat (Present), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Draupadī (Pārṣatī)
A
Akṣaya-pātra (implied vessel of inexhaustible food)

Educational Q&A

Even a divine gift is framed by dharma: hospitality and responsibility come first, personal consumption comes last. The ‘inexhaustible’ supply is ethically conditioned—once Draupadī begins to eat, the provision ends—teaching restraint, order, and mindful stewardship.

The verse describes the operating rule of the (implied) Akṣaya-pātra: Yudhiṣṭhira is fed first, then Draupadī eats the remainder; after Draupadī starts eating, the food in the vessel is exhausted for that day.