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Shloka 24

Ajñātavāsa-saṅkalpaḥ — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Resolve and Dhaumya’s Exempla on Concealment

नानात्मवन्तस्तु वने चरन्ति धर्म च वासं च परिश्रमं च । विज्ञानतो धर्ममुदाहरन्ति तस्मात्‌ सन्‍्तो धर्ममाहु: प्रधानम्‌,जिन्होंने अपने मन और इन्द्रियोंको वशमें नहीं किया है, वे वनमें रहकर धर्मपालन, गुरुकुलवास तथा कष्टसहनरूप तपस्या नहीं कर सकते हैं। जितेन्द्रिय पुरुष ही यह सब कुछ करनेमें समर्थ हैं। महात्मालोग विवेक-विचारसे ही धर्म-प्राप्ति बताते हैं, अतः सभी सत्पुरुष धर्मको ही श्रेष्ठ मानते हैं

nānātmavantastu vane caranti dharmaṃ ca vāsaṃ ca pariśramaṃ ca | vijñānato dharmamudāharanti tasmāt santo dharmamāhuḥ pradhānam ||

ヤマは言った。「内なる自己が散り、心と感官を制し得ぬ者は、森の生活を真に支えることはできぬ。正しき行いも、師の家に住するがごとき規律ある住まいも、苦難に耐える苦行も、いずれも成し得ない。これらを成し得るのは自制の人のみである。賢者は明察の智によって、何がダルマであるかを宣言する。ゆえに善き者・高貴なる者は、ダルマを最上の原理とみなすのだ。」

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनात्मवन्तःthose lacking self-control
अनात्मवन्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनात्मवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
चरन्तिthey roam/live
चरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
धर्मम्dharma/righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वासम्dwelling/residence
वासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परिश्रमम्hardship/exertion
परिश्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरिश्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विज्ञानतःthrough discernment/knowledge
विज्ञानतः:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविज्ञानतः
धर्मम्dharma
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उदाहरन्तिthey declare/expound
उदाहरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-आ-हृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
सन्तःthe good/virtuous people
सन्तः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मम्dharma
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say/call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
प्रधानम्the foremost/primary
प्रधानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रधान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

यम उवाच

Y
Yama

Educational Q&A

Dharma is not sustained by mere external renunciation (like living in a forest) but by inner mastery. Only those who have disciplined mind and senses can endure austerity and live righteously; hence the wise, using discernment, uphold dharma as the supreme value.

Yama is instructing the listener about the prerequisites for authentic ascetic and righteous living. He contrasts outward forest-life with inward self-control and concludes that the virtuous, guided by discriminative wisdom, place dharma above all.