Shloka 42

Kuberasaras-darśana (Bhīma beholds Kubera’s guarded lotus-lake) / कुबेरसरः-दर्शनम्

Devanagari script

साम, दान, दण्ड, भेद--ये चार उपाय, गुप्तचर, उत्तम बुद्धि, सुरक्षित मन्त्रणा, पराक्रम, निग्रह, अनुग्रह और चतुरता--ये राजाओंके लिये कार्य-सिद्धिके साधन हैं ।। साम्ना दानेन भेदेन दण्डेनोपेक्षणेन च । साधनीयानि कर्माणि समासव्यासयोगत:,साम, दान, भेद, दण्ड और उपेक्षा--इन नीतियोंमेंसे एक-दोके द्वारा या सबके एक साथ प्रयोगद्वारा राजाओंको अपने कार्य सिद्ध करने चाहिये

Transliteration

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

sāmnā dānena bhedena daṇḍenopakṣaṇena ca |

sādhanīyāni karmāṇi samāsavyāsayogataḥ ||

Translation

ヴァイシャンパーヤナは語った。サーマ（懐柔）、ダーナ（施与）、ベーダ（離間）、ダンダ（処罰）、そしてウペークシャー（戦略的黙殺）によって、王は成すべき事を成就すべきである。これらの方策は、状況に応じて、略しても尽くしてもよく、単独でも、二つを併せても、あるいは同時に用いてもよい。

Word by Word

साम्नाby conciliation

दानेनby gift (bribery/charity)

भेदेनby division (dissension)

दण्डेनby punishment

उपेक्षणेनby neglect/ignoring

चand

साधनीयानिto be accomplished; achievable

कर्माणिacts; tasks

समासby combination (together)

व्यासby separation (singly)

योगतःby means of application; through use

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vaiśampāyana

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Cross References

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A ruler should achieve objectives through a calibrated use of five political measures—conciliation, gifts, division, punishment, and strategic disregard—choosing and combining them according to circumstance, with intelligence and restraint.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana, in a didactic passage within the Vana Parva, summarizes practical principles of kingship (nīti/raja-dharma), outlining the standard tools by which rulers secure success in governance and conflict.