Shloka 42
Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद
अददद् दण्डमेवास्मै धृतमैश्चर्यमेव च । बलेन यश्न संयुक्त: सदा पडचविधात्मक:
adadad daṇḍam evāsmai dhṛtam aiśvaryam eva ca | balena yaś ca saṃyuktaḥ sadā pañcavidhātmakaḥ | yo sarvadā sainika-balena sampannaḥ tathā yo dharma-vyavahāra-daṇḍa-īśvara-jīva-rūpeṇa pañca-prakāra-svarūpaṃ dhārayati, tasmai rājñe īśvareṇaiva daṇḍanītiḥ svaṃ cāiśvaryaṃ pradattam |
ビーシュマは言った。刑罰の力と主権の威光とを、その王に授けたのは神である――その統治者は常に軍勢の力を備え、五つの相を体現する。すなわち、ダルマを支える者、民事の交わりを整える者、刑罰を執る者、主権の権威そのもの、そして国土を保つ生ける臨在である。ここに示される倫理は、王の強制力が私的な腕力ではなく、秩序と正しさを守るために天より託された信託であるということだ。
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Royal authority—especially the right to punish (daṇḍa)—is portrayed as a divinely granted trust. Therefore the king must use coercive power ethically, to uphold dharma and social order rather than personal desire.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma explains to the listener that a true king, supported by military strength and embodying multiple governing functions, receives the mandate of punishment and sovereignty from the Lord—highlighting the sacred responsibility behind governance.