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Shloka 39

Adhyāya 45 — Duryodhana’s Distress, Śakuni’s Counsel, and the Summons for Dyūta

(ददृशुस्तं नृपतयो यज्ञस्य विधिमुत्तमम्‌ । उपेन्द्रबुद्धया विहितं सहदेवेन भारत ।।

dadṛśus taṁ nṛpatayo yajñasya vidhim uttamam | upendrabuddhyā vihitaṁ sahadevena bhārata ||

ヴァイシャンパーヤナは語った。おおバーラタよ、集まった諸王は、祭祀の最上にして正しき作法を目の当たりにした。サハデーヴァは、クリシュナこそウペーンドラ(すなわちヴィシュヌそのもの)であると敬虔に悟り、主の歓喜のためにその儀を整えたのである。この光景は、王権と公の儀礼が、虚飾ではなく、ダルマの秩序、確かな執行、そして神へ向かう信愛に導かれるときにこそ正統性を得ることを示している。

ददृशुःthey saw
ददृशुः:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
तम्that (him/it)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
नृपतयःkings
नृपतयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यज्ञस्यof the sacrifice
यज्ञस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
विधिम्procedure/rite
विधिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उत्तमम्excellent
उत्तमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपेन्द्र-बुद्ध्याwith the thought (that he was) Upendra/Vishnu
उपेन्द्र-बुद्ध्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउपेन्द्रबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
विहितम्arranged/ordained
विहितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-धा
Formkta, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
सहदेवेनby Sahadeva
सहदेवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसहदेव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
S
Sahadeva
K
Kṛṣṇa
U
Upendra (Viṣṇu)
N
nṛpati (kings)
Y
yajña (sacrifice/ritual)

Educational Q&A

Ritual and royal grandeur are portrayed as truly ‘excellent’ only when grounded in dharmic procedure (vidhi), administered by capable agents (Sahadeva), and oriented toward devotion to the divine (seeing Kṛṣṇa as Upendra/Viṣṇu), not toward ego or mere spectacle.

During Yudhiṣṭhira’s Rājasūya context in the Sabhā Parva, the kings witness the well-ordered sacrificial arrangements. Sahadeva has organized the rite with the devotional conviction that Kṛṣṇa is Upendra, and the ritual is conducted to please him.