Shloka 45

Devanagari script

संजय उवाच एवमादीनि वाक्यानि क्रूराणि परुषाणि च

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca evamādīni vākyāni krūrāṇi paruṣāṇi ca

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。かくしてこのような言葉—残酷で荒々しい言葉—が吐かれた。戦の激怒のただ中では、言葉そのものが人を傷つけ貶める武器となり、節度とダルマにかなう行いから逸れてゆくことが示されたのである。

Word by Word

• संजयः: Sanjaya
• संजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• एवम्-आदीनि: such and similar (beginning with 'thus')
• एवम्-आदीनि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एवम्-आदि
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• वाक्यानि: words; statements
• वाक्यानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• क्रूराणि: cruel
• क्रूराणि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रूर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• परुषाणि: harsh; rough
• परुषाणि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परुष
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical decline that occurs when speech turns cruel and harsh; even in conflict, unrestrained, wounding words are portrayed as a moral failing that departs from dharma and self-control.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya, as narrator, reports that statements of a cruel and harsh kind were spoken—setting the tone for a tense exchange or escalation in the war narrative where verbal aggression accompanies physical violence.