Shloka 39

Devanagari script

सम्पातं समुदीर्ण च दर्शयामास पार्षत: । भारतं कौशिक चैव सात्वतं चैव शिक्षया,उन्होंने ढाल-तलवार लेकर भ्रान्त, उदभ्रान्त, आविद्ध, आप्लुत, प्रसृत, सृत, परिवृत्त, निवृत्त, सम्पात, समुदीर्ण, भारत, कौशिक तथा सात्वत आदि मार्गोंकौो- अपनी शिक्षाके अनुसार दिखलाया

Transliteration

sampātaṃ samudīrṇaṃ ca darśayāmāsa pārṣataḥ | bhārataṃ kauśikaṃ caiva sātvatam caiva śikṣayā ||

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。プリシャタの子（ドリシュタデュムナ）は、己が修練の規律に従い、「サンパータ（Sampāta）」と「サムディールナ（Samudīrṇa）」の動きを示し、さらに「バーラタ（Bhārata）」「カウシカ（Kauśika）」「サートヴァタ（Sātvata）」の法も披露した――戦の重圧のただ中にあってなお、盾と剣の精妙にして規矩ある武芸を明らかにしたのである。

Word by Word

सम्पातम्the (movement/stance) called sampāta

समुदीर्णम्the (movement) called samudīrṇa / raised up

चand

दर्शयामासshowed / demonstrated

पार्षतःthe son of Pṛṣat (Drupada’s son, i.e., Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

भारतंthe (method/stance) called bhārata

कौशिकम्the (method/stance) called kauśika

चand

एवindeed / also

सात्वतम्the (method/stance) called sātvat(a)

चand

एवindeed / also

शिक्षयाby (his) training / instruction

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

स

संजय (Sañjaya)

प

पार्षत / धृष्टद्युम्न (Pārṣata / Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

ढ

ढाल-तलवार (shield and sword) (implied by the passage context)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights disciplined mastery: even in a violent context, skill is presented as something learned through śikṣā (systematic training) and expressed through recognized methods. It underscores the Kṣatriya ideal that power should be governed by instruction, form, and control rather than mere impulse.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Dhṛṣṭadyumna demonstrates multiple named sword-and-shield maneuvers or schools of combat—‘Sampāta’, ‘Samudīrṇa’, ‘Bhārata’, ‘Kauśika’, and ‘Sātvata’—displaying his training and technical prowess in the battlefield setting.