Shloka 38

Devanagari script

तेन हास्य प्रतिज्ञातं भीमसेनमहं युधि । हन्तेति स्वयमागम्य स्मरता वैरमुत्तमम्‌,अलायुधने अपने भारी वैरीको याद करते हुए स्वयं आकर दुर्योधनके सामने यह प्रतिज्ञा की थी कि मैं युद्धमें भीमसेनको मार डालूँगा

Transliteration

tena hāsya pratijñātaṃ bhīmasenam ahaṃ yudhi | hante iti svayam āgamya smaratā vairam uttamam ||

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。激しい怨讐を思い起こし、彼は自ら進み出て誓った。「戦場にて、我はビーマセーナを討つ。」

Word by Word

• तेन: by him/therefore (by that)
• तेन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• ह: indeed/for emphasis
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह

• अस्य: of him
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• प्रतिज्ञातम्: was vowed/promised
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रतिज्ञा (प्रति + √ज्ञा)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

• भीमसेनम्: Bhimasena
• भीमसेनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Singular

• युधि: in battle
• युधि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युध्
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• हन्ता: I shall kill
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन्
• Form: Periphrastic future (लुट्), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada

• इति: thus/quoting
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• स्वयम्: himself
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वयम्

• आगम्य: having come
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + √गम्
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्)

• स्मरता: while remembering/by remembering
• स्मरता: Karana
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्मृ
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular, Present active participle (शतृ)

• वैरम्: enmity
• वैरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उत्तमम्: great/supreme
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• वै: indeed/certainly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
• Duryodhana

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the ethical danger of letting personal hatred dictate one’s vows and actions in war: a public pledge born of vengeance can eclipse dharmic restraint and intensify violence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that, driven by remembered hostility, a warrior personally approached and declared before Duryodhana a vow to kill Bhīmasena in battle, sharpening the conflict’s personal stakes.