Shloka 45

Devanagari script

रथचक्रैर्युगैरक्षेरधिष्ठानैरुपस्करै:

Transliteration

rathacakrair yugair akṣer adhiṣṭhānair upaskaraiḥ

Translation

サञ्जयは言った。「戦車の車輪、轅（くびき）、車軸、軸受け、そしてさまざまな金具や装備品によって……」

Word by Word

• रथचक्रैः: by/with chariot-wheels
• रथचक्रैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथचक्र
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• युगैः: by/with yokes
• युगैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युग
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• अक्षैः: by/with axles
• अक्षैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्ष
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• अधिष्ठानैः: by/with bases/platforms (supports)
• अधिष्ठानैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधिष्ठान
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• उपस्करैः: by/with equipment/gear
• उपस्करैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपस्कर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• chariot wheels
• yokes
• axles
• axle-beds/supports
• chariot equipment/fittings

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

By cataloging the components of chariots as scattered instruments of war, the verse underscores the material, impersonal machinery of violence and the fragility of worldly power—inviting reflection on dharma amid the devastation of battle.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is describing the battlefield scene in concrete detail, listing chariot parts and equipment—suggesting wreckage, disarray, and the scale of conflict as the narration moves through the aftermath and intensity of fighting.