Shloka 76

Adhyāya 141 — Night duels: Śaineya and Bhūriśravas; Droṇi and Ghaṭotkaca; Bhīma and Duryodhana

Devanagari script

तं च दृष्टवा रथोपस्थे निलीन व्यथितेन्द्रियम्‌

Transliteration

taṃ ca dṛṣṭvā rathopasthe nilīnaṃ vyathitendriyam

Translation

サञ्जयは言った。彼がそこに—戦車の台座に身をかがめて潜み、感覚は揺らぎ定まらぬまま—いるのを見て、（人々は悟った）。戦場の衝撃が、身にも法（ダルマ）にも及ぶそのただ中で、恐怖と苦悩が彼を襲っていたのである。

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• रथोपस्थे: on the chariot-seat
• रथोपस्थे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथोपस्थ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• निलीनम्: crouched/hidden (lying low)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-ली
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• व्यथितेन्द्रियम्: whose senses were distressed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यथितेन्द्रिय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• ratha (chariot)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how inner collapse—fear, shock, and agitation of the senses—can seize even a warrior in the midst of duty, reminding readers that ethical resolve in war is tested not only by weapons but by the mind’s steadiness.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that someone is seen on the chariot, crouched down and mentally shaken, indicating a moment of panic or distress during the battle scene being narrated.