Shloka 19

Devanagari script

वध्यमानस्ततो राजन्‌ पिता शान्तनवस्तव

Transliteration

vadhyamānas tato rājan pitā śāntanavas tava

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。「そのとき王よ、打ち倒されつつあったその折、汝の父――シャーンタヌの子――は……」

Word by Word

• वध्यमानः: being slain / being killed
• वध्यमानः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वध् (धातु) → वध्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ततः: then; thereafter; from there
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• पिता: father
• पिता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• शान्तनवः: son of Śāntanu (Bhīṣma)
• शान्तनवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शान्तनु (तद्धित-प्रातिपदिक: शान्तनव)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तव: your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, षष्ठी, एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Śāntanu
• Bhīṣma (Śāntanava)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the ethical weight of war: even the most venerable elders (here, the ‘Śāntanava’) become subject to violence and mortality, reminding the listener (the king) that adharma-driven conflict brings suffering that spares neither lineage nor virtue.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya continues his battlefield report to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, indicating that the ‘Śāntanava’—understood as Bhīṣma, son of Śāntanu—is in the state of being struck down, setting up the description of Bhīṣma’s fall in the Kurukṣetra war.