Shloka 12

Devanagari script

आदिमध्यावसानानां ज्ञातारश्छिन्नसंशया: । परावरविशेषज्ञा गन्तार: परमां गतिम्‌,ब्राह्मण आदि, मध्य और अन्तके ज्ञाता, संशयरहित, भूत-भविष्यका विशेष ज्ञान रखनेवाले तथा परम गतिको जानने और पानेवाले हैं

Transliteration

ādimadhyāvasānānāṁ jñātāraś chinnasaṁśayāḥ | parāvaraviśeṣajñā gantāraḥ paramāṁ gatim ||

Translation

ビーシュマは言った。「バラモンたちは、万事の始まり・中ほど・終わりを知り、疑いはすでに断たれている。彼らは高きものと低きもの、至上と世俗との差別を見分け、そして最高の到達処を知り—またそれを成就する。」

Word by Word

• आदि-मध्य-अवसानानाम्: of beginnings, middles, and ends
• आदि-मध्य-अवसानानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदि + मध्य + अवसान
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• ज्ञातारः: knowers
• ज्ञातारः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञातृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• छिन्न-संशयाः: with doubts cut off; free from doubt
• छिन्न-संशयाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: छिन्न + संशय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पर-अवर-विशेष-ज्ञाः: knowing distinctions of higher and lower (past and future / superior and inferior)
• पर-अवर-विशेष-ज्ञाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर + अवर + विशेष + ज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• गन्तारः: goers; attainors
• गन्तारः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्तृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• परमाम्: supreme
• परमाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• गतिम्: goal; state; course; destination
• गतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Brahmanas (brāhmaṇāḥ, implied)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True spiritual authority is defined by complete understanding (origin–process–end), freedom from doubt, and discriminative insight into the higher and lower; such persons both know and attain the supreme goal.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Bhishma’s instruction within the Anushasana Parva, he characterizes the ideal Brahmana as a realized knower—one whose certainty and discernment qualify him to reach the highest state.