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Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 31

Naraka-varṇana: The Hellish Planets and the Karmic Logic of Punishment

ये त्विह वै पुरुषा: पुरुषमेधेन यजन्ते याश्च स्त्रियो नृपशून्खादन्ति तांश्च ते पशव इव निहता यमसदने यातयन्तो रक्षोगणा: सौनिका इव स्वधितिनावदायासृक्‌पिबन्ति नृत्यन्ति च गायन्ति च हृष्यमाणा यथेह पुरुषादा: ॥ ३१ ॥

ye tv iha vai puruṣāḥ puruṣa-medhena yajante yāś ca striyo nṛ-paśūn khādanti tāṁś ca te paśava iva nihatā yama-sadane yātayanto rakṣo-gaṇāḥ saunikā iva svadhitināvadāyāsṛk pibanti nṛtyanti ca gāyanti ca hṛṣyamāṇā yatheha puruṣādāḥ.

この世には、バイラヴァやバドラ・カーリーに人間を生贄として捧げ、その犠牲者の肉を食べる男女がいる。そのような犠牲を行う者は、死後ヤマラージャの住処へと連れて行かれ、そこで羅刹(ラークシャサ)の姿となった犠牲者たちが、鋭い剣で彼らを切り刻む。この世で人食い人種が犠牲者の血を飲み、歓喜して踊り歌ったように、今度は彼らの犠牲者が生贄を捧げた者の血を飲み、同じように祝うのである。

yethose who
ye:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात/अवधारणार्थक (particle: but/indeed)
ihahere (in this world)
iha:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of place: here)
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)
puruṣāḥmen/persons
puruṣāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
puruṣa-medhenaby human-sacrifice
puruṣa-medhena:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa + medha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (puruṣasya medhaḥ)
yajantethey sacrifice/worship
yajante:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootyaj (धातु)
Formलट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
yāḥand those who (women)
yāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक सर्वनाम
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction: and)
striyaḥwomen
striyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootstrī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
nṛ-paśūnhuman victims (men as cattle)
nṛ-paśūn:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnṛ + paśu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (nṛṇāṁ paśūn)
khādantithey eat/devour
khādanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkhād (धातु)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
tānthem
tān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (and)
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
paśavaḥanimals
paśavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpaśu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
ivalike
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमानवाचक अव्यय (particle of comparison: like)
nihatāḥslain/killed
nihatāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootni + han (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ‘निहत’ = slain
yama-sadanein Yama’s abode
yama-sadane:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootyama + sadana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (yamasya sadanam)
yātayantaḥtorturing (them)
yātayantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootyat (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (शतृ/वर्तमान कृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ‘यातयन्त्’ = torturing
rakṣo-gaṇāḥbands of demons
rakṣo-gaṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrakṣas + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (rakṣasāṁ gaṇāḥ)
saunikāḥbutchers
saunikāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsaunika (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
ivalike
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमानवाचक अव्यय (like)
svadhitināwith an axe
svadhitinā:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsvadhiti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन
avadāyahaving cut (them)
avadāya:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootava + dā (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्यय; ‘having cut off’
asṛkblood
asṛk:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootasṛj (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन (छान्दस/प्रयोग); ‘blood’
pibantithey drink
pibanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpā (धातु)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
nṛtyantithey dance
nṛtyanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootnṛt (धातु)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (and)
gāyantithey sing
gāyanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootgai (धातु)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (and)
hṛṣyamāṇāḥrejoicing
hṛṣyamāṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roothṛṣ (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (शानच्/वर्तमान कर्मणि), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ‘rejoicing’
yathājust as
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
Formउपमान/प्रकारवाचक अव्यय (as/just as)
ihahere
iha:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (here)
puruṣādāḥman-eaters
puruṣādāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa + ada (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (puruṣān adanti iti)
Y
Yama
R
Rakṣo-gaṇāḥ (rākṣasas)

FAQs

This verse condemns puruṣamedha performed as human sacrifice and states that such perpetrators are killed like animals and punished in Yama’s realm by rākṣasas who torment them violently.

Śukadeva explains the workings of karma and naraka to warn Parīkṣit (and all listeners) against adharmic acts and to inspire a turn toward dharma and devotion rather than cruelty and exploitation.

Avoid cruelty, exploitation, and violence done for pleasure or profit; cultivate compassion and dharmic living, and strengthen bhakti so one’s choices align with accountability before divine law.