काष्ठलोहमणिमयं रज्जुचर्ममृण्मयं सूत्रवल्करोममयं वा जात्यमित्यजात्यं विक्रयाधानं नयतो मूल्याष्टगुणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.२.१५ ॥
kāṣṭhalohamaṇimayaṃ rajjucarmamṛṇmayaṃ sūtravalkaromamayaṃ vā jātyam ity ajātyaṃ vikrayādhānaṃ nayato mūlyāṣṭaguṇo daṇḍaḥ
売買または質入れにおいて、木・金属・宝石・縄・革・土・糸・樹皮・羊毛などで作られた非正品を正品(標準品)として提示する者の罰金は、価値の八倍である。
Because misrepresentation harms not only buyers but also credit and collateral markets; the state protects transactional trust in both.
A value-multiplier (8×) makes fraud economically irrational even when detection probability is imperfect.