Sutra 6

Devanagari script

स्ववेश्मनो विरात्रादूर्ध्वं परिवारमारोहतः पूर्वः साहसदण्डः परवेश्मनो मध्यमः ग्रामारामवाटभेदिनश्च ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०६ ॥

Transliteration

svaveśmano virātrādūrdhvaṃ parivāramārohataḥ pūrvaḥ sāhasadaṇḍaḥ paraveśmano madhyamaḥ grāmārāmavāṭabhedinaśca

Translation

日没後、自宅の囲いを乗り越える者には第一の sāhasa 罰金を科し、他人の家の囲いを乗り越える者には中位の sāhasa 罰金を科す。村の囲い、遊楽の園・公園、または柵で囲まれた区画を破って侵入する者も同様に処罰する。

Word by Word

• स्ववेश्मनः: of one’s own house
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेश्मन् (with स्व- as upapada)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन; ‘स्ववेश्मन्’ = own house (gen. sg.)

• विरात्रात्: after a whole night / from the passing of a night
• Type: Noun
• Root: विरात्र (वि- + रात्र)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; पञ्चमी एकवचन; अपादान/कालार्थे

• ऊर्ध्वम्: thereafter; beyond (that time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ऊर्ध्व
• Form: अव्यय; काल/परिमाणार्थे ‘thereafter, beyond’

• परिवारम्: the household/retinue
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिवार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्म

• आरोहतः: (when) he enters/climbs into
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ√रुह् (रुहँ)
• Form: लट्; प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन; परस्मैपद; (वर्तमान) ‘he mounts/ascends/enters’

• पूर्वः: the first (grade)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण (साहसदण्डस्य)

• साहसदण्डः: the sāhasa-penalty (fine for forcible act)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड (with साहस- as qualifier)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘साहसस्य दण्डः’ = fine/penalty for violent/forcible act

• परवेश्मनः: of another’s house
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेश्मन् (with पर- as upapada)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन; ‘परवेश्मन्’ = another’s house (gen. sg.)

• मध्यमः: the middle (grade)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मध्यम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण (साहसदण्डस्य)

• ग्राम: village
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; (समासपूर्वपद)

• आराम: grove/park
• Type: Noun
• Root: आराम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; (समासपूर्वपद)

• वाट: garden/enclosure
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाट
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; (समासपूर्वपद)

• भेदिनः: breakers/destroyers (of villages, parks, and enclosures)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: भेदिन् (from √भिद्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘ग्राम-आराम-वाट-भेदिन्’ = those who break into/damage villages, parks, and enclosures

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

Entities Mentioned

• householder
• intruder
• village community

More Details

FAQs

Why penalize climbing even one’s own enclosure after nightfall?

Because the act mimics burglary methods and creates enforcement ambiguity; a baseline penalty discourages suspicious movement and supports night policing.

Why are parks/groves and village enclosures included?

They are public/collective assets and security perimeters; breaching them threatens communal order and enables theft or sabotage.