Arthashastra — Adhyakshaprachara, Sutra 12
Devanagari script
सार्थातिवाह्यं गोरक्ष्यं व्यवहारं च कारयेत् ॥ कZ_०२.३४.१२च्द् ॥
Transliteration
sārthātivāhyaṃ gorakṣyaṃ vyavahāraṃ ca kārayet
Translation
彼は、隊商輸送、牛の保護、ならびに取引と紛争の処理・裁定を整えるべきである。
Word by Word
सार्थातिवाह्यम्caravan-escort / conveyance of a caravan (as a regulated service)
सार्थातिवाह्यम्:
TypeNoun (gerundive used substantively)
Rootअति-√वह्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; 'अतिवाह्य' (क्तव्य/यत्-प्रत्ययार्थक भाव: 'to be transported/escorted') as a substantive; compound: सार्थस्य अतिवाह्यम्
गोरक्ष्यम्protection/guarding of cattle (as an administrative service)
गोरक्ष्यम्:
TypeNoun (gerundive used substantively)
Root√रक्ष्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; 'रक्ष्य' (यत्-प्रत्यय: 'to be protected') as a substantive; compound: गवां रक्ष्यम्
व्यवहारम्a lawsuit / legal case (judicial proceeding)
व्यवहारम्:
TypeNoun
Rootवि-अव-√हृ
Formपुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunctive)
कारयेत्should cause (it) to be done / should arrange
कारयेत्:
TypeVerb
Root√कृ
Formलोट्/विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; causative sense in usage: 'cause to be done/arrange'
Entities Mentioned
S
sārtha (caravan)G
go (cattle)V
vyavahāra (legal/commercial dealings)FAQs
It implies organized movement of trade—convoys, escorts, and route services—reducing risk and increasing taxable commerce.
Because predictable dispute resolution and contract enforcement stabilize markets; without legal order, frontier zones revert to private violence and revenue loss.