Sutra 8
Devanagari script
स मौलभृतश्रेणिमित्रामित्राटवीबलानां सारफल्गुतां विद्यात् निम्नस्थलप्रकाशकूटखनकाकाशदिवारात्रियुद्धव्यायामं च आयोगमयोगं च कर्मसु ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०८ ॥
Transliteration
sa maulabhṛtaśreṇimitrāmitrāṭavībalānāṃ sāraphalgutāṃ vidyāt nimnasthalaprakāśakūṭakhanakākāśadivārātriyuddhavyāyāmaṃ ca āyogam ayogaṃ ca karmasu
Translation
彼は、王の世襲軍、雇用軍、ギルドの分遣隊、同盟軍、敵軍、森林部族の軍勢について、その信頼性と弱点を見極めねばならない。また、低地・開豁地・隠蔽/待ち伏せ地点・坑道掘削/坑道攻撃（サッピング）・（適用される場合）高所に適した戦闘と機動、さらに昼夜の作戦について訓練し、任務ごとに用いるべき時と用いるべきでない時を心得るべきである。
Word by Word
सःhe (the king/commander/agent in context)
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formsarvanāma; prathamā-vibhakti; ekavacana; puṃliṅga
मौलभृतstanding/hereditary troops
मौलभृत:
TypeNoun
Rootमौल + भृत्
Formsamāsa; (in compound) prātipadika; here in genitive plural as part of a larger compound: मौलभृत-...-बलानाम
श्रेणिguilds
श्रेणि:
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेणि
Form(as member of compound) prātipadika; here in genitive plural as part of a larger compound
मित्रallies
मित्र:
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
Form(as member of compound) prātipadika; here in genitive plural as part of a larger compound
अमित्रenemies
अमित्र:
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
Form(as member of compound) prātipadika; here in genitive plural as part of a larger compound
आटवीforest (tribal) forces / forest region
आटवी:
TypeNoun
Rootआटवी
Form(as member of compound) prātipadika; here in genitive plural as part of a larger compound
बलानाम्of the forces (troops)
बलानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootबल
Formṣaṣṭhī-vibhakti; bahuvacana; napuṃsakaliṅga (bala)
सारstrength, solidity, substance
सार:
TypeNoun
Rootसार
Form(in compound) prātipadika; with फल्गुता → सारफल्गुताम (dvandva)
फल्गुताweakness, insignificance, hollowness
फल्गुता:
TypeNoun
Rootफल्गुता
Form(in compound) prātipadika; with सार → सारफल्गुताम (dvandva)
सारफल्गुताम्(their) strength and weakness (true worth vs. hollowness)
सारफल्गुताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसार + फल्गुता
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; strīliṅga (phalgu-tā)
विद्यात्should know/should ascertain
विद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formliṅ (vidhi-liṅ); parasmaipada; prathama-puruṣa; ekavacana
निम्नlow-lying
निम्न:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिम्न
Form(in compound) prātipadika; with स्थल → निम्नस्थल
स्थलground, terrain
स्थल:
TypeNoun
Rootस्थल
Form(in compound) prātipadika; with निम्न → निम्नस्थल
प्रकाशopen/visible (ground), exposure
प्रकाश:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकाश
Form(in compound) prātipadika
कूटconcealment/ambush; hidden (positions)
कूट:
TypeNoun
Rootकूट
Form(in compound) prātipadika
खनकdigging/excavation (works)
खनक:
TypeNoun
Rootखनक
Form(in compound) prātipadika
आकाशopen space/sky
आकाश:
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
Form(in compound) prātipadika
दिवाby day / daytime
दिवा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदिवा
Formavyaya; used in dvandva with रात्रि
रात्रिnight
रात्रि:
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
Form(in compound) prātipadika; with दिवा → दिवारात्रि
युद्धbattle, fighting
युद्ध:
TypeNoun
Rootयुध् (→ युद्ध)
Form(in compound) prātipadika
व्यायामexercise, training
व्यायाम:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यायाम
Form(in compound) prātipadika
निम्नस्थलप्रकाशकूटखनकाकाशदिवारात्रियुद्धव्यायामम्(the factors of) low ground, terrain, openness, concealment/ambush, digging works, open space, day-and-night (operations), battle, and training
निम्नस्थलप्रकाशकूटखनकाकाशदिवारात्रियुद्धव्यायामम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनिम्नस्थल + प्रकाश + कूट + खनक + आकाश + दिवा-रात्रि + युद्ध + व्यायाम
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; napuṃsakaliṅga (as a collective list)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formavyaya; samuccaya
आयोगम्proper employment/fitness (effective arrangement)
आयोगम्:
TypeNoun
Rootआयोग
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; puṃliṅga
अयोगम्improper employment/unfitness
अयोगम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअयोग
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; puṃliṅga
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formavyaya; samuccaya
कर्मसुin actions/operations
कर्मसु:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formsaptamī-vibhakti; bahuvacana; napuṃsakaliṅga
Entities Mentioned
S
standing troops (maula)H
hired troops (bhṛta)G
guild contingents (śreṇi)A
allied forces (mitra)E
enemy forces (amitra)F
forest/tribal forces (āṭavī-bala)FAQs
To institutionalize differentiated assessment and tasking: each troop category has varying loyalty, endurance, and suitability, so the state must evaluate and employ them accordingly.
Capability-based deployment: assign missions based on tested strength/weakness and context (terrain, time, method), not on labels or assumptions.