Adhyakshaprachara Adhyaya 24 Sutra 5 - Arthashastra | Japanese | Vedapath

Kautilya

Sutra 5

Devanagari script

षोडशद्रोणं जाङ्गलानां वर्षप्रमाणमध्यर्धमानूपानां देशवापानामर्धत्रयोदशाश्मकानाम् त्रयोविंशतिरवन्तीनाममितमपरान्तानां हैमन्यानां च कुल्यावापानां च कालतः ॥ कZ_०२.२४.०५ ॥

Transliteration

ṣoḍaśadroṇaṃ jāṅgalānāṃ varṣapramāṇamadhyardhamānūpānāṃ deśavāpānāmardhatrayodaśāśmakānām trayoviṃśatiravantīnām amitam aparāntānāṃ haimanyānāṃ ca kulyāvāpānāṃ ca kālataḥ

Translation

降雨量（varṣa-pramāṇa）の標準は、乾燥地（jāṅgala）では16ドローナ、湿地・沼沢地（ānūpa）では8.5、DeśaおよびVāpaの地域では12.5、Aśmakaでは13.5、Avantiでは23であり、Aparāntaについては一定せず（変動する）。冬作物および運河・溝による灌漑播種（kulyā-vāpa）については、季節／時期に応じて評価すべきである。

Word by Word

षोडश-द्रोणम्sixteen droṇas (as a measure/quantity)

जाङ्गलानाम्of the Jāṅgala (dry) regions

वर्ष-प्रमाणम्the rainfall measure/standard

अध्यर्धम्one and a half (times/measure)

आनूपानाम्of the Ānūpa (marshy/riverine) regions

देश-वापानाम्of the regional reservoirs/tanks

अर्ध-त्रयोदशthirteen and a half

अश्मकानाम्of the Aśmaka region/people

त्रयोविंशतिःtwenty-three

अवन्तीनाम्of Avanti

अमितम्unlimited/indefinite (not fixed)

अपरान्तानाम्of Aparānta

हैमन्यानाम्of the Haimaniya region/people

चand

कुल्या-वापानाम्of canal-reservoirs (canal-fed tanks)

चand

कालतःaccording to time/season

Entities Mentioned

Jāṅgala (arid tracts)

Ānūpa (marshy tracts)

Deśa

Vāpa

Aśmaka

Avanti

Aparānta

Haimanya (winter season/crops)

Kulyā-vāpa (canal irrigation)

FAQs

Why does the text give different rainfall standards by region?

To calibrate taxation, sowing schedules, irrigation priorities, and famine-risk planning to local ecological realities rather than a single empire-wide norm.

Why is Aparānta marked as 'amitam' (not fixed)?

It signals high variability/uncertainty, requiring flexible assessment instead of rigid targets—an administrative cue to rely on observation-based decisions.