मणिः कौटोमालेयकः पारसमुद्रकश्च ॥ कZ_०२.११.२८ ॥
maṇiḥ kauṭomāleyakaḥ pārasamudrakaśca
宝石には「kauṭomāleyaka」と「pārasamudraka」と呼ばれる種類が含まれる。
Origin labels allow differentiated pricing, duty assessment, and risk controls (counterfeits, substitution) in long-distance luxury trade.