Sutra 4
Devanagari script
सोऽव्यग्रमना राज्ञः संदेशं श्रुत्वा निश्चितार्थं लेखं विदध्यात्देशाइश्वर्यवंशनामधेयोपचारमीश्वरस्य देशनामधेयोपचारमनीश्वरस्य ॥ कZ_०२.१०.०४ ॥
Transliteration
so ’vyagramanā rājñaḥ saṃdeśaṃ śrutvā niścitārthaṃ lekhaṃ vidadhyāt deśaiśvaryavaṃśanāmadheyopacāram īśvarasya deśanāmadheyopacāram anīśvarasya
Translation
彼は心を散らさずに王の伝言を聞き、意味が確定した文書を作成すべきである。宛先が主権者である場合は、領土・支配権・家系・名に基づく敬称を用い、主権者でない場合は、領土と名に基づく敬称を用いるべきである。
Word by Word
सःhe (the officer/scribe)
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formसर्वनाम; प्रथमा-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
अव्यग्रमनाwith an undistracted mind; attentive
अव्यग्रमना:
TypeNoun (adjectival)
Rootमनस् (मानस)
Formबहुव्रीहिसमास; प्रथमा-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग; अव्यग्र-मनस् = ‘whose mind is not distracted’
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formषष्ठी-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
संदेशम्message; instruction
संदेशम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसंदेश
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb (absolutive)
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वान्त (अव्यय); ‘having heard’
निश्चितार्थम्with the meaning/intent made definite; unambiguous
निश्चितार्थम्:
TypeNoun (adjectival)
Rootअर्थ
Formकर्मधारयसमास; द्वितीया-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग; निश्चितः अर्थः यस्य (लेखस्य)
लेखम्written document; letter; written order
लेखम्:
TypeNoun
Rootलेख
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
विदध्यात्should prepare/compose
विदध्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-धा
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष-एकवचन; ‘should compose/prepare’
देशterritory; region
देश:
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
Formसमासपूर्वपद (in compounds); पुंलिङ्ग
ऐश्वर्यsovereignty; authority; power
ऐश्वर्य:
TypeNoun
Rootऐश्वर्य
Formसमासपूर्वपद (in compounds); नपुंसकलिङ्ग
वंशdynasty; lineage
वंश:
TypeNoun
Rootवंश
Formसमासपूर्वपद (in compounds); पुंलिङ्ग
नामधेयname; designation
नामधेय:
TypeNoun
Rootनामधेय
Formसमासपूर्वपद (in compounds); नपुंसकलिङ्ग
उपचारम्form of address; honorific expression
उपचारम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउपचार
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
ईश्वरस्यof an independent ruler/sovereign
ईश्वरस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootईश्वर
Formषष्ठी-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
देशterritory; region
देश:
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
Formसमासपूर्वपद (in compounds); पुंलिङ्ग
नामधेयname; designation
नामधेय:
TypeNoun
Rootनामधेय
Formसमासपूर्वपद (in compounds); नपुंसकलिङ्ग
उपचारम्form of address; honorific expression
उपचारम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउपचार
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
अनीश्वरस्यof a non-sovereign (dependent) ruler
अनीश्वरस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअनीश्वर
Formषष्ठी-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग; नञ्-तत्पुरुष (अ-ईश्वर)
Entities Mentioned
R
rājā (king)L
lekhaka (scribe)Ī
īśvara (sovereign)A
anīśvara (non-sovereign)FAQs
Ambiguous or improperly addressed letters that can cause diplomatic insult, misinterpretation of intent, or unintended escalation.
A sovereign receives fuller recognition (territory, dominion, lineage, name), whereas a non-sovereign is addressed with reduced formal recognition (territory and name), reflecting status hierarchy.