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Agni Purana — Sahitya-shastra, Shloka 20

Chapter 342: शब्दालङ्काराः

Verbal/Sound-based Ornaments

वाक्यस्यावृत्तिरप्येवं यथासम्भवमिष्यते अलङ्काराद्यनुप्रासो लघुमध्येवमर्हणात् *

vākyasyāvṛttirapyevaṃ yathāsambhavamiṣyate alaṅkārādyanuprāso laghumadhyevamarhaṇāt *

このように、文の反復も可能な限り認められる。ただし anuprāsa(頭韻・同音反復)などの装飾は、軽く、あるいは中庸に用いるべきであり、過度は不適切である。

vākyasyaof a sentence
vākyasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) / Genitive
TypeNoun
Rootvākya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6), एकवचन
āvṛttiḥrepetition
āvṛttiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootā-vṛt (धातु) → āvṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अपि-कारार्थक-अव्यय (also/even)
evamthus
evam:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) / Manner
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (thus/in this manner)
yathā-sambhavamas far as possible
yathā-sambhavam:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) / Manner
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय) + sambhava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समासः; नपुंसक-एकवचन-रूपेण अव्ययवत् (adverbial): ‘as far as possible’
iṣyateis accepted/is allowed
iṣyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootiṣ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगः (passive sense: ‘is accepted’)
alaṅkāra-ādi-anuprāsaḥanuprāsa (alliteration) in figures etc.
alaṅkāra-ādi-anuprāsaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootalaṅkāra (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक) + anuprāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (alaṅkārādau anuprāsaḥ / alaṅkāra-ādiṣu anuprāsaḥ)
laghu-madhyein the middle of a laghu (short unit/short syllable context)
laghu-madhye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootlaghu (प्रातिपदिक) + madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (laghoḥ madhye / laghu-madhye)
evamthus
evam:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) / Manner
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (thus)
arhaṇātdue to appropriateness
arhaṇāt:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootarhaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपञ्चमी (5), एकवचन; हेत्वर्थे (ablative of reason): ‘because of propriety/fitness’

Lord Agni (in discourse to sage Vasiṣṭha)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Alamkara","secondary_vidya":"Natya","practical_application":"Use sentence-level repetition judiciously; apply anuprāsa and allied ornaments in moderate quantity to preserve elegance and avoid stylistic heaviness.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Commentary","entry_title":"Moderation Principle in Ornamentation: Sentence Repetition and Anuprāsa","lookup_keywords":["vākya-āvṛtti","anuprāsa","alaṅkāra maryādā","aucitya","ati-doṣa"],"quick_summary":"Permits repetition even at sentence level when appropriate, but prescribes moderation in alliteration and ornaments; excess becomes a fault (doṣa) against propriety (aucitya)."}

Alamkara Type: Anuprāsa; vākya-āvṛtti (repetition)

Concept: Maryādā/aucitya: restraint as a virtue in artistic practice

Application: In writing and performance, audit ornament density; keep anuprāsa light-to-moderate so meaning and rasa remain primary.

Khanda Section: Sahitya-shastra (Alankara & Kavya-vidya)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A poet revises a manuscript: one version is heavily alliterative and crossed out; the refined version keeps gentle anuprāsa. A balance-scale symbolizes 'moderation' in ornamentation.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, poet-scribe seated with palm-leaf, two text panels (dense vs refined) shown symbolically, a balance scale motif, strong outlines and earthy palette, serene scholarly mood.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, poet with manuscript and stylus, gold-leaf balance scale and ornate border, two scrolls labeled 'ati' (excess) and 'madhyama' (moderate), rich reds and greens.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, clean didactic composition: before/after lines of verse demonstrating heavy vs light anuprāsa, teacher guiding a student, subtle shading and fine linework.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, atelier scene with poet and critic, corrected folio with marginal notes 'aucitya', delicate scale on a low table, refined interior details and calligraphy."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"contemplative","suggested_raga":"Yaman","pace":"slow","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: vākyasyāvṛttir apy evam = vākyasya āvṛttiḥ api evam; yathāsambhavam = yathā-sambhavam (avyayībhāva); alaṅkārādyanuprāsaḥ = alaṅkāra-ādi-anuprāsaḥ; madhyevamarhaṇāt = madhye evam arhaṇāt.

Related Themes: Agni Purana 342.16; Agni Purana 342.17; Agni Purana 342.18; Agni Purana 342.19

A
Agni Purana
A
Anuprāsa
A
Alaṅkāra
K
Kāvya-śāstra

FAQs

It teaches a practical rule of Sanskrit kāvya-śāstra: repetition may be used when appropriate, but anuprāsa (alliteration) and similar sound-ornaments should be applied only in a light-to-moderate degree, avoiding excess.

Beyond theology and ritual, the Agni Purana preserves technical instruction in literary aesthetics (alaṅkāra-śāstra), showing it functions as a compendium that also codifies standards for refined poetic composition.

By promoting measured, non-excessive expression, it aligns speech and composition with propriety (aucitya), supporting disciplined use of vāṅmayam (speech) that is traditionally regarded as purifying and conducive to sattvic conduct.