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Agni Purana — Sahitya-shastra, Shloka 16

Chapter 342: शब्दालङ्काराः

Verbal/Sound-based Ornaments

संसर्गयमकञ्चैव विक्रान्तयमकन्तथा पादादियमकञ्चैव तथाम्रेडितमेव च

saṃsargayamakañcaiva vikrāntayamakantathā pādādiyamakañcaiva tathāmreḍitameva ca

また「Saṃsarga-yamaka」および同様に「Vikrānta-yamaka」、さらに「Pādādi-yamaka」、そして「Āmreḍita」(反復形)も、付加的な諸類として理解すべきである。

saṃsarga-yamakamthe ‘saṃsarga’ type of yamaka
saṃsarga-yamakam:
Karma (कर्म) / Enumerated item
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃsarga (प्रातिपदिक) + yamaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (saṃsargasya yamakam)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
vikrānta-yamakamthe ‘vikrānta’ yamaka
vikrānta-yamakam:
Karma (कर्म) / Enumerated item
TypeNoun
Rootvikrānta (प्रातिपदिक) + yamaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; समासः कर्मधारयः (vikrāntaṃ yamakam)
tathālikewise/also
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/उपमानार्थक-अव्यय (also/likewise)
pāda-ādi-yamakamthe ‘pāda-ādi’ (beginning with a quarter) yamaka
pāda-ādi-yamakam:
Karma (कर्म) / Enumerated item
TypeNoun
Rootpāda (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक) + yamaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (pādādau yamakam / pādādīnām yamakam)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
tathāalso
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/उपमानार्थक-अव्यय (also/likewise)
āmreḍitamāmreḍita (repetition)
āmreḍitam:
Karma (कर्म) / Enumerated item
TypeNoun
Rootāmreḍita (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

Lord Agni (in instruction to the sage Vasiṣṭha, in the Agni Purana’s poetics section)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Alamkara","secondary_vidya":"Samanya","practical_application":"Classify and deploy yamaka (phonetic repetition) subtypes while composing or analyzing kavya; use as a checklist for identifying patterns in verses.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Additional Yamaka Varieties: Saṃsarga, Vikrānta, Pādādi, Āmreḍita","lookup_keywords":["yamaka","saṃsarga-yamaka","vikrānta-yamaka","pādādi-yamaka","āmreḍita"],"quick_summary":"Names further sub-varieties of yamaka and related repetition (āmreḍita). Useful as a taxonomy node for kavya analysis and ornament selection."}

Alamkara Type: Yamaka; Āmreḍita (repetition)

Concept: Śabda-alaṅkāra bheda (systematic naming of sound-ornaments)

Application: Apply labels consistently in commentary, teaching, and composition to avoid conflating distinct repetition-patterns.

Khanda Section: Sahitya-shastra (Alankara and Kavya-lakshana / Sanskrit Poetics)

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: hasya

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A traditional Sanskrit paṇḍita instructs students, pointing to a palm-leaf manuscript listing yamaka varieties: saṃsarga, vikrānta, pādādi, and āmreḍita, with example couplets on a board.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala temple mural style, warm earthy palette, guru in white dhoti teaching seated śiṣyas, palm-leaf manuscript with Devanagari headings 'saṃsarga-yamaka, vikrānta-yamaka, pādādi-yamaka, āmreḍita', stylized interior of a vidyāśālā, flat iconic composition.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, guru and disciples in a scholarly hall, gold-leaf highlights on manuscript edges and halo-like aureole behind Sarasvatī in the background, Devanagari headings for yamaka types, rich reds and greens, ornamental borders.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting style, delicate linework, instructional scene with labeled examples of repetition patterns, manuscript and chalkboard showing the four yamaka names, calm scholarly ambience, muted pastel colors.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, courtly library setting, scholar presenting a folio titled with yamaka varieties, fine architectural details, patterned carpets, precise calligraphy panels with the four terms, naturalistic faces and textiles."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Sarasvati","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: -ñcaiva = -m ca eva; -ntathā = -m tathā. Compounds treated as standard alaṅkāra-names.

Related Themes: Agni Purana 342.17; Agni Purana 342.18; Agni Purana 342.20

A
Agni Purana
Y
Yamaka
A
Amredita
S
Sahitya-shastra

FAQs

It imparts kavya-vidya (Sahitya-shastra) by listing specific sub-types of yamaka (phonetic echo ornament) and the related repetition figure called āmreḍita, useful for composing and analyzing Sanskrit poetry.

Beyond ritual and dharma, the Agni Purana catalogues technical disciplines; here it functions like a poetics manual by enumerating recognized categories of sound-ornaments used in classical Sanskrit literature.

Mastery of śāstra-guided speech and poetry is traditionally seen as refining vāṇī (sacred expression) and supporting dharmic learning; while not a ritual act itself, it promotes disciplined knowledge and cultured recitation.