Shloka 20
Gāndhārī’s Lament and the Identification of Duḥśāsana (स्त्रीपर्व, अध्याय १८)
Devanagari script
गदया भीमसेनेन पश्य माधव मे सुतम् । द्यूतक््लेशाननुस्मृत्य द्रौपदीनोदितेन च,माधव! देखो, द्यूतक्रीडाके समय पाये हुए क्लेशोंको स्मरण करके द्रौपदीसे प्रेरित हुए भीमसेनने मेरे इस पुत्रको गदासे मार डाला है
Transliteration
gadayā bhīmasenena paśya mādhava me sutam | dyūtakleśān anusmṛtya draupadīnoditena ca ||
Translation
Vaiśampāyana said: “Behold, O Mādhava, my son—Bhīmasena has struck him down with a mace, stirred on by Draupadī and by the remembered humiliations and sufferings of the dice-game. The killing is presented not merely as battlefield violence, but as the moral aftershock of adharma: an act driven by recalled injustice and a vow of retribution.”
Word by Word
गदयाwith a mace
गदया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगदा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
भीमसेनेनby Bhimasena
भीमसेनेन:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीमसेन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पश्यsee!
पश्य:
TypeVerb
Root√पश्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
माधवO Madhava
माधव:
TypeNoun
Rootमाधव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
सुतम्son
सुतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्यूतgambling
द्यूत:
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
FormNeuter, Stem (compound member)
क्लेशान्afflictions, sufferings
क्लेशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्लेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अनुस्मृत्यhaving remembered
अनुस्मृत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-√स्मृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
द्रौपदीby Draupadi
द्रौपदी:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौपदी
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
नोदितेनurged, impelled
नोदितेन:
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-√उद्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
VaiśampāyanaM
Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa)B
Bhīmasena (Bhīma)D
DraupadīM
my son (likely Duryodhana, as addressed by Dhṛtarāṣṭra in context)G
gadā (mace)D
dyūta (dice-game)Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Geographic Context
Sandhi Notes