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Shloka 39

Śalya Installed as Commander; Coalition Agreement and Battle Arrays (शल्यसेनापत्यारोहणं व्यूहवर्णनं च)

न चैवात्र दया कार्या मातुलो<यं ममेति वै । क्षत्रधर्म पुरस्कृत्य जहि मद्रजनेश्वरम्‌,इति सत्य ब्रवीम्येष दुर्योधन न संशय: । “मैं रणभूमिमें कुन्तीके सभी पुत्रों और सामने आये हुए सोमकोंपर भी विजय प्राप्त कर लूँगा। इसमें भी संदेह नहीं कि मैं तुम्हारा सेनापति होऊँगा और ऐसे व्यूहका निर्माण करूँगा, जिसे शत्रु लाँघ नहीं सकेंगे। दुर्योधन! यह मैं तुमसे सच्ची बात कहता हूँ। इसमें कोई संशय नहीं है” 'ये मेरे मामा हैं" ऐसा समझकर आपको उनपर दया नहीं करनी चाहिये। आप क्षत्रियरधर्मको सामने रखते हुए मद्रराज शल्यको मार डालें

na caivātra dayā kāryā mātulo 'yaṃ mameti vai | kṣatradharma-puraskṛtya jahi madrājaneśvaram iti satyaṃ bravīmy eṣa duryodhana na saṃśayaḥ |

Sanjaya said: “Here, no pity should be shown on the thought, ‘He is my maternal uncle.’ Keeping the kshatriya’s duty foremost, strike down Shalya, the lord of the Madra people. Duryodhana, this is the truth I tell you—there is no doubt about it.”

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
evaindeed/just
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva
atrahere/in this matter
atra:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatra
dayācompassion
dayā:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdayā
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
kāryāto be done/should be shown
kāryā:
TypeAdjective
Rootkārya
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
mātulaḥmaternal uncle
mātulaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootmātula
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ayamthis (man)
ayam:
TypePronoun
Rootidam
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
mamaof me/my
mama:
TypePronoun
Rootasmad
FormGenitive, Singular
itithus (quotative)
iti:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti
vaiindeed/surely
vai:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai
kṣatra-dharmamthe duty of a kshatriya
kṣatra-dharmam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootkṣatra-dharma
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
puraskṛtyahaving put in front/keeping foremost
puraskṛtya:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpuraskṛ (kṛ)
FormAbsolutive (ktvā/lyap)
jahikill/slay
jahi:
TypeVerb
Roothan
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
madra-jana-īśvaramthe lord of the Madra people (Shalya)
madra-jana-īśvaram:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootmadra-jana-īśvara
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
itithus
iti:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti
satyamtruth/truly
satyam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootsatya
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
bravīmiI say/speak
bravīmi:
TypeVerb
Rootbrū
FormPresent, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
eṣaḥthis (statement/this one)
eṣaḥ:
TypePronoun
Rootetad
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
duryodhanaO Duryodhana
duryodhana:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootduryodhana
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
saṃśayaḥdoubt
saṃśayaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃśaya
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Duryodhana
S
Shalya
M
Madra (people/kingdom)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds kshatriya-dharma: in a war framed as a duty-bound conflict, personal ties (such as being a maternal uncle) should not override the warrior’s obligation to act decisively against an enemy leader.

Sanjaya reports a forceful exhortation to Duryodhana: do not spare Shalya out of family sentiment; instead, prioritize the warrior code and aim to kill Shalya, identified as the ruler of the Madras.