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Shloka 19

Karṇa-parva Adhyāya 20 — Yudhiṣṭhira–Duryodhana Encounter and Escalation of Arms

योधमुख्या महावीर्या: पाण्डूनां कर्णमाहवे । शीघ्रास्त्रास्तूर्णमावृत्य परिवद्रु: समन्‍्ततः,तब समरांगणमें पाण्डवदलके शीघ्रतापूर्वक अस्त्र चलानेवाले महापराक्रमी प्रधान- प्रधान योद्धाओंने तुरंत आकर कर्णको चारों ओरसे घेर लिया

yodhamukhyā mahāvīryāḥ pāṇḍūnāṃ karṇam āhave | śīghrāstrās tūrṇam āvṛtya parivavruḥ samantataḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Then, on the battlefield, the foremost warriors of the Pāṇḍavas—men of great valor and swift in the discharge of weapons—rushed in at once and surrounded Karṇa on every side. The scene underscores the relentless pressure of war, where even a single champion is met not only by individual prowess but by coordinated force and tactical encirclement.

योधमुख्याःchief warriors
योधमुख्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोधमुख्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महावीर्याःof great valor
महावीर्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहावीर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पाण्डूनाम्of the Pandavas (sons of Pandu)
पाण्डूनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
कर्णम्Karna
कर्णम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहवेin battle
आहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआहव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शीघ्रास्त्राःswift-weaponed / quick in discharging missiles
शीघ्रास्त्राः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशीघ्रास्त्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तूर्णम्quickly, at once
तूर्णम्:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्णम्
आवृत्यhaving surrounded/covered
आवृत्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√वृ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
परिवव्रुःthey surrounded/encircled
परिवव्रुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-√वृ (ववृ)
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
समन्ततःon all sides
समन्ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्ततः

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Pāṇḍavas
K
Karṇa
B
battlefield (āhava/samarāṅgaṇa implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a battlefield ethic where victory depends not only on individual heroism but also on disciplined coordination and tactical unity; it reflects the harsh reality of kṣatriya-dharma in which even renowned champions must face collective opposition.

Sañjaya reports that the Pāṇḍavas’ leading, highly skilled warriors swiftly advance and form an encirclement around Karṇa, pressing him from all directions in the ongoing combat.