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Shloka 27

Adhyāya 18 — Sequential Duels and Formation Pressure

Ulūka–Yuyutsu; Śakuni–Sutasoma; Kṛpa–Dhṛṣṭadyumna; Kṛtavarmā–Śikhaṇḍin

ततः संग्राम भूमिं च वर्तमाने जनक्षये । अवेक्षमाणो गोविन्द: सव्यसाचिनमतब्रवीत्‌,जब इस प्रकार जनसंहार होने लगा, उस समय रणभूमिकी ओर देखते हुए भगवान्‌ श्रीकृष्ण अर्जुनसे इस प्रकार बोले--

tataḥ saṅgrāmabhūmiṃ ca vartamāne janakṣaye | avekṣamāṇo govindaḥ savyasācinam athābravīt ||

Sañjaya said: Then, as the slaughter of men was unfolding, Govinda—gazing over the battlefield—addressed Arjuna, the ambidextrous archer, and spoke to him.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
संग्रामbattle, war
संग्राम:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (भूमिम् इत्यस्य विशेषण-पूर्वपद)
भूमिम्ground; battlefield
भूमिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formअव्यय
वर्तमानेwhile occurring; as it was going on
वर्तमाने:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत् (वर्तते) → वर्तमान (वर्तमान-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
Formसप्तमी, एकवचन (नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग-रूपे; सन्दर्भे ‘सति’ अर्थे)
जनक्षयेin the destruction of people; during the slaughter
जनक्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजनक्षय
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
अवेक्षमाणःlooking at; observing
अवेक्षमाणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअव + ईक्ष् → अवेक्षमाण (शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (गोविन्दः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
गोविन्दःGovinda (Krishna)
गोविन्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोविन्द
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
सव्यसाचिनम्the ambidextrous archer (Arjuna)
सव्यसाचिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसव्यसाचिन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अत्then (particle; reading uncertain)
अत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत् (इति अव्यय; ‘अथ/अत’ पाठभेदसम्भवः)
Formअव्यय
अब्रवीत्said; spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
Formलङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
G
Govinda (Kṛṣṇa)
A
Arjuna (Savyasācin)
S
saṅgrāmabhūmi (battlefield)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical turning point: amid escalating human destruction, Kṛṣṇa deliberately surveys the battlefield and prepares to counsel Arjuna. The emphasis is on mindful leadership and guidance in crisis—speech and decision must arise from clear seeing of consequences, not from blind momentum.

Sañjaya reports that as casualties mount on the battlefield, Kṛṣṇa (Govinda) looks over the scene and then speaks to Arjuna (Savyasācin). This verse functions as a narrative bridge introducing Kṛṣṇa’s forthcoming instruction or strategic/ethical directive.