Shloka 24

अध्याय ९९ — युयुधान-दुःशासन-युद्धम्

Chapter 99: Sātyaki and Duḥśāsana’s engagement

Devanagari script

धृष्टद्युम्नस्तु सम्प्रेक्ष्य द्रोणमभ्याशमागतम्‌ । असिचर्माददे वीरो धनुरुत्सूज्य भारत,भारत! वीर धृष्टद्युम्नने द्रोणाचार्यको अत्यन्त निकट आया हुआ देख धनुष छोड़कर हाथमें ढाल और तलवार ले ली

Transliteration

dhṛṣṭadyumnas tu samprekṣya droṇam abhyāśam āgatam | asicarmādade vīro dhanur utsṛjya bhārata ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Seeing Droṇa come very near, the valiant Dhṛṣṭadyumna cast aside his bow, and took up sword and shield—choosing close combat as the encounter tightened and the crisis demanded immediate, personal resolve.

Word by Word

• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य: having seen/observed
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + प्रेक्ष्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage as indeclinable gerund)

• द्रोणम्: Drona
• द्रोणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अभ्याशम्: near proximity/close range
• अभ्याशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभ्याश
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आगतम्: come/arrived
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + गम्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• असि: sword
• असि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: असि
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• चर्म: shield (leather shield)
• चर्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आददे: took up/seized
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + दा
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Third, Singular, Atmanepada

• वीरः: the hero/warrior
• वीरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धनुः: bow
• धनुः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनुस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उत्सृज्य: having cast aside/abandoned
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत् + सृज्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage as indeclinable gerund)

• भारत: O Bharata (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Droṇa (Droṇācārya)
• bow (dhanuḥ)
• sword (asi)
• shield (carma)
• Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)