Shloka 44

Devanagari script

व्यसने वर्तमानस्य कृतवर्मा नृशंसवत्‌ | अश्वान्‌ जघान सहसा तथोभीौ पार्ष्णिसारथी,“इस प्रकार जब वह संकटमें पड़ गया, तब कृतवर्माने क्रूर मनुष्यकी भाँति सहसा उसके घोड़ों तथा दोनों पार्श्वरक्षकोंकोी मार डाला

Transliteration

vyasane vartamānasya kṛtavarmā nṛśaṃsavat | aśvān jaghāna sahasā tathobhau pārṣṇisārathī ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: When he had fallen into distress, Kṛtavarmā—acting with ruthless cruelty—suddenly struck down his horses, and likewise killed both of his flank-guards (the charioteers stationed to protect the sides of the chariot). The act underscores how, in the press of war, some warriors abandon restraint and target a foe’s supports rather than meeting him in a direct, fair contest.

Word by Word

• व्यसने: in calamity/misfortune
• व्यसने: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यसन
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• वर्तमानस्य: of (him) being/remaining (there)
• वर्तमानस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर्तमान (वृत् धातु, वर्तमान-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• कृतवर्मा: Kṛtavarmā
• कृतवर्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृतवर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नृशंसवत्: cruelly; like a ruthless man
• नृशंसवत्: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नृशंसवत्

• अश्वान्: horses
• अश्वान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• जघान: slew/killed
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• सहसा: suddenly; impetuously
• सहसा: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा

• तथा: and likewise/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• उभौ: both (two)
• उभौ: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उभ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Dual

• पार्ष्णिसारथी: the two charioteers/guards at the flanks (side-protectors)
• पार्ष्णिसारथी: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्ष्णिसारथि
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Dual

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kṛtavarmā
• horses (chariot team)
• pārṣṇisārathī (two flank-guards/side charioteers)