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Shloka 76

Adhyāya 141 — Night duels: Śaineya and Bhūriśravas; Droṇi and Ghaṭotkaca; Bhīma and Duryodhana

तं च दृष्टवा रथोपस्थे निलीन व्यथितेन्द्रियम्‌

taṃ ca dṛṣṭvā rathopasthe nilīnaṃ vyathitendriyam

Sañjaya said: Seeing him there—crouched down upon the chariot’s platform, his senses shaken and unsteady—(they understood) that fear and distress had overtaken him amid the moral and physical shock of battle.

तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
रथोपस्थेon the chariot-seat
रथोपस्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथोपस्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
निलीनम्crouched/hidden (lying low)
निलीनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-ली
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
व्यथितेन्द्रियम्whose senses were distressed
व्यथितेन्द्रियम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यथितेन्द्रिय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
ratha (chariot)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how inner collapse—fear, shock, and agitation of the senses—can seize even a warrior in the midst of duty, reminding readers that ethical resolve in war is tested not only by weapons but by the mind’s steadiness.

Sañjaya reports that someone is seen on the chariot, crouched down and mentally shaken, indicating a moment of panic or distress during the battle scene being narrated.