Shloka 3

Adhyāya 140: Rātriyuddhe Droṇa-prāpti-prayatnaḥ

Night engagement and the attempt to reach Droṇa

Devanagari script

यथा होष क्षयो वृत्तो ममापनयसम्भव: । वीराणां तन्ममाचक्ष्व स्थिरीभूतो5स्मि संजय,सूत! मेरे अन्यायसे वीरोंका जो यह विनाश हुआ है, वह सब कह सुनाओ। मैं धैर्य धारण करके बैठा हूँ

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | yathā hoṣa kṣayo vṛtto mamāpanaya-sambhavaḥ | vīrāṇāṃ tan mamācakṣva sthirī-bhūto 'smi sañjaya, sūta |

Translation

Sañjaya said: “O king, tell me in full how that destruction of the heroes came to pass—born of my own wrongdoing. Speak it all to me, O Sañjaya; I am steady now and ready to hear.”

Word by Word

• यथा: as, in the manner that
• यथा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा
• Form: indeclinable (comparative/correlative adverb)

• होष: indeed/alas (particle; uncertain reading)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: होष
• Form: indeclinable (particle/interjection; textually uncertain)

• क्षयः: destruction, ruin
• क्षयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षय
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• वृत्तः: occurred, happened
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृत्त
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular (past participle of √वृत्/√वृत्त् 'to happen/occur')

• मम: of me, my
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: genitive, singular

• अपनय: removal; (by) driving away/banishment (sense-dependent)
• अपनय: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपनय
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular (in compound)

• सम्भवः: arising, origin, cause
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्भव
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular (as final member of compound)

• अपनय-सम्भवः: arising from (my) removal/banishment; caused by my act (contextual)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपनयसम्भव
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular (qualifying क्षयः)

• वीराणाम्: of the heroes/warriors
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• तत्: that (matter/thing)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• मम: to me / of me (contextual)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: genitive, singular

• आचक्ष्व: tell, relate
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-चक्ष्
• Form: imperative, 2nd person, singular, parasmaipada

• स्थिरीभूतः: having become steady/firm
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्थिरी-भू
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular (past participle: 'having become firm')

• अस्मि: I am
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: present, 1st person, singular, parasmaipada

• संजय: O Sanjaya
• संजय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular (proper noun)

• सूत: O charioteer/bard
• सूत: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूत
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied as the addressed king)
• vīrāḥ (the warriors/heroes, collectively)