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Shloka 30

दुर्योधन-कर्ण-संवादः

Duryodhana–Karna Dialogue on Vyūha-bheda and Daiva

तस्य द्रोणो हयान्‌ हत्वा चतुर्भिश्चतुर: शरै: । सारथेश्ष॒ शिर: कायाच्चकर्त प्रहसन्निव,द्रोणाचार्यने चार बाणोंसे धृष्टकेतुके चारों घोड़ोंको मारकर उनके सारथिके भी मस्तकको हँसते हुए-से काटकर धड़से अलग कर दिया

tasya droṇo hayān hatvā caturbhiś caturaḥ śaraiḥ | sārathes śiraḥ kāyāc cakarta prahasann iva ||

Sañjaya said: Drona, having slain his four horses with four arrows, then severed the charioteer’s head from his body—as though with a grim, derisive smile. The scene underscores the ruthless efficiency of battlefield skill, where mastery of arms is deployed without hesitation, and the moral weight of war is felt in the swift destruction of both combatant resources and the human agent who guides them.

तस्यof him/thereof
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
द्रोणःDrona
द्रोणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
हत्वाhaving slain
हत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (sense), Non-finite
चतुर्भिःwith four
चतुर्भिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective/Numeral
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
चतुरःfour
चतुरः:
TypeAdjective/Numeral
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
शरैःby/with arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सारथेःof the charioteer
सारथेः:
TypeNoun
Rootसारथि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शिरःhead
शिरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कायात्from the body
कायात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकाय
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
चकर्तcut off/severed
चकर्त:
TypeVerb
Rootकृत्
Formलिट् (Perfect), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रहसन्laughing
प्रहसन्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हस्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas if/like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Droṇa (Droṇācārya)
H
horses (of the chariot)
C
charioteer (sārathi)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the harsh ethical atmosphere of war: extraordinary martial competence can be exercised with chilling detachment. It invites reflection on kṣatriya-duty in battle versus the human cost—how skill and victory often arrive through swift, uncompassionate acts.

Sañjaya reports that Droṇa shoots four arrows to kill the four horses of an opponent’s chariot, disabling mobility, and then beheads the charioteer, decisively neutralizing the chariot’s operation.