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Shloka 43

द्रोणेन केकय-चेदि-वीरवधः

Droṇa’s engagements with the Kekayas and Cedis

तमेकं॑ रथवंशेन महता पर्यवारयन्‌ । विकर्षन्तश्न॒ चापानि विसृजन्तश्न॒ सायकान्‌,उन सबने महान्‌ रथसमूहके द्वारा एकमात्र अर्जुनको चारों ओर घेर लिया। वे सब-के- सब धनुष खींचते और उनके ऊपर बाणोंकी वर्षा करते थे

tam ekaṁ rathavaṁśena mahatā paryavārayan | vikarṣantaś ca cāpāni visṛjantaś ca sāyakān ||

Sañjaya said: Then all of them, with a great mass of chariots, surrounded Arjuna—alone—on every side. Drawing their bows to the full, they kept releasing volleys of arrows against him, pressing him with collective force in the ruthless momentum of battle.

तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एकम्alone, single
एकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रथवंशेनwith a line/array of chariots
रथवंशेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथवंश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
महताgreat, huge
महता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पर्यवारयन्they surrounded, enclosed
पर्यवारयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + अव + √वृ (वृणोति/वृ)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural
विकर्षन्तःdrawing (back), pulling
विकर्षन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि + √कृष्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Śatṛ (present active participle)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चापानिbows
चापानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
विसृजन्तःreleasing, discharging
विसृजन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि + √सृज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Śatṛ (present active participle)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सायकान्arrows
सायकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसायक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna
C
chariots
B
bows
A
arrows

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical tension of war: collective force is marshalled to overwhelm a single heroic opponent, underscoring both the harshness of battlefield dharma and the ideal of steadfast courage when one faces many.

Sañjaya reports that a large group of warriors in a chariot-array encircles Arjuna. They draw their bows and shower him with arrows, attempting to contain and crush him through coordinated attack.