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Shloka 49

Droṇa–Arjuna Yuddha; Trigarta-Āvaraṇa; Bhīmasena Gajānīka-bheda

Droṇa and Arjuna Engage; Trigarta Containment; Bhīma Breaks the Elephant Corps

उपावृत्तमद: क्षिप्रमभ्यवर्तत वेगित: । भरतश्रेष्ठ! उन तोमरोंसे अत्यन्त घायल हो वह हाथी व्यथित हो उठा। उसका सारा मद उतर गया और वह बड़े वेगसे पीछेकी ओर लौट पड़ा || ४८ ई || स प्रदुद्राव वेगेन प्रणदन्‌ भैरवं रवम्‌

sañjaya uvāca | upāvṛttamadaḥ kṣipram abhyavartata vegitaḥ | bharataśreṣṭha! un tomarair atyanta-ghāyalo sa hastī vyathito 'bhavat | tasya sarvo madaḥ apāgacchat, sa ca mahāvegena pṛṣṭhato nivavṛte || 48 || sa pradudrāva vegena praṇadan bhairavaṃ ravam || 49 ||

Sanjaya said: “O best of the Bharatas, the elephant—its rut suddenly spent—quickly turned back in haste. Struck and grievously wounded by the tomara-spears, it was shaken with pain; all its intoxicated fury drained away, and it wheeled around and retreated at great speed. Then it fled swiftly, trumpeting a dreadful cry.”

उपावृत्तमदःwhose rut/ichor had subsided
उपावृत्तमदः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउपावृत्त-मद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षिप्रम्quickly
क्षिप्रम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्षिप्र
अभ्यवर्ततturned back / returned
अभ्यवर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
वेगितःimpelled, driven (with speed)
वेगितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवेगित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe/that one
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रदुद्रावran forth / rushed
प्रदुद्राव:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु
FormPerfect (Lit), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वेगेनwith speed
वेगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवेग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रणदन्roaring, bellowing
प्रणदन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-नद्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
भैरवम्terrible
भैरवम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभैरव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रवम्sound, cry
रवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'bharataśreṣṭha')
E
elephant (hastī)
T
tomara (spear/javelin)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores a battlefield ethic of cause-and-effect: even great strength and fury (mada) collapse when met with decisive injury and pain. It highlights the fragility of pride and the immediate moral cost of violence—terror, suffering, and flight—within the dharmic frame of war narration.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that an elephant, badly wounded by tomara-spears, loses its musth and turns back. In pain and panic it retreats rapidly, fleeing while trumpeting a frightening cry.