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Shloka 15

Adhyāya 65: Dawn Assembly, Makara–Śyena Vyūhas, and Commander Engagements

ततस्तु तावका राजन्‌ परीप्सन्तोडर््जुनिं रणे । मद्रराजरथं तूर्ण परिवार्यावतस्थिरे,राजन्‌! तब आपके पुत्र रणभूमिमें अभिमन्युको बन्दी बनानेकी इच्छासे तुरंत वहाँ आये और मद्रराज शल्यके रथको चारों ओरसे घेरकर युद्धके लिये खड़े हो गये

tatastu tāvakā rājan parīpsanto 'rjunaṁ raṇe | madrarājarathaṁ tūrṇaṁ parivāryāvatasthire rājan ||

Sañjaya said: Then, O King, your warriors—seeking to seize Arjuna in the battle—swiftly surrounded the chariot of the Madra king (Śalya) and took their stand, ready for combat. The scene underscores the strategic intent to capture a principal hero rather than merely strike him down, revealing how war-policy and expediency can press against the ideals of open, righteous fighting.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
Formअव्यय
तावकाःyour (men), Kauravas
तावकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, सम्बोधन, एकवचनम्
परीप्सन्तःdesiring, seeking
परीप्सन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरीप्स् (धातु) / परीप्सन्त् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्तः (शतृ), पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्
अर्जुनिम्Arjuni (i.e., Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna)
अर्जुनिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, सप्तमी, एकवचनम्
मद्रराजरथम्the chariot of the Madra-king (Shalya)
मद्रराजरथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रराज-रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम्
तूर्णम्swiftly
तूर्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्णम्
Formअव्यय
परिवार्यhaving surrounded
परिवार्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-√वृ (धातु) / परिवार्य (क्त्वान्त-अव्यय)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive)
अवतस्थिरेthey stood (ready), took position
अवतस्थिरे:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-√स्था (धातु)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद-आत्मनेपदप्रयोगः), प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, सम्बोधन, एकवचनम्

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
K
Kauravas (tāvakāḥ)
A
Arjuna
Ś
Śalya (Madra king)
M
Madra
C
chariot (ratha)
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how battlefield strategy can shift from straightforward combat to capture and containment of key figures. It invites reflection on dharma in war: whether seeking to seize a principal warrior aligns with righteous conduct or represents expedient policy that strains ethical ideals.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava troops, intent on capturing Arjuna, quickly encircle the chariot of Śalya, the Madra king, and stand ready to fight—indicating a coordinated maneuver around a prominent chariot position in the battle.