Shloka 14

Adhyāya 65: Dawn Assembly, Makara–Śyena Vyūhas, and Commander Engagements

Devanagari script

ततो मद्राधिपरथं कार्ष्णि: प्राप्पातिकोपन: । आर्तायनिममेयात्मा विव्याध निशितै: शरै:,मद्रराजके रथके निकट पहुँचकर अत्यन्त क्रोधमें भरे हुए अनन्त आत्मबलसे सम्पन्न अर्जुनकुमारने अपने पैने बाणोंद्वारा ऋतायनपुत्र राजा शल्यको घायल कर दिया

Transliteration

tato madrādhipa-rathaṁ kārṣṇiḥ prāptātikopanaḥ | ārtāyanim ameyātmā vivyādha niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ ||

Translation

Sanjaya said: Then Kārṣṇi, his spirit immeasurable and inflamed with fierce wrath, drew near the chariot of the lord of Madra and struck Ārtāyani (Śalya) with sharp arrows. In the unfolding of the war, anger and prowess drive the assault, while the narrative underscores the relentless escalation of violence among renowned warriors.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya

• मद्राधिपरथम्: the chariot of the king of Madra
• मद्राधिपरथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्राधिपरथ (प्रातिपदिक; मद्र + अधिप + रथ)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कार्ष्णिः: the son/descendant of Kṛṣṇa (here: Arjuna as Kṛṣṇa’s relative/ally, epithet)
• कार्ष्णिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्ष्णि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रापत्: reached, came up to
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + आप् (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अतिकोपनः: exceedingly enraged
• अतिकोपनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतिकोपन (प्रातिपदिक; अति + कोपन)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• आर्तायनिम्: Ārtāyani (son of Ṛtāyana; i.e., Śalya)
• आर्तायनिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्तायनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अमेयात्मा: of immeasurable spirit/might
• अमेयात्मा: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमेयात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; अमेय + आत्मन्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विव्याध: pierced, wounded
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + व्यध् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada

• निशितैः: with sharp
• निशितैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निशित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• शरैः: arrows
• शरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Madra
• Madrādhipa (king of Madra)
• Śalya (Ārtāyani, son of Ṛtāyana)
• Kārṣṇi

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how intense anger and martial prowess propel warriors into direct violence; ethically, it reflects the Mahābhārata’s recurring tension between kṣatriya obligation in war and the destructive momentum of wrath once battle is joined.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports that Kārṣṇi approaches the chariot of the Madra king and wounds Śalya (called Ārtāyani) with sharp arrows, marking a forceful engagement amid the ongoing battlefield clashes.