Mantra 10

Sukta 18

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

ये सहस्रमराजन्नासन् दशशता उत। ते ब्राह्मणस्य गां जग्ध्वा वैतहव्याः पराभवन्

IAST Transliteration

yé sahásram arā́jan ā́san daśaśatā́ utá | té brāhmaṇásya gā́ṁ jagdhvā́ vaitahavyā́ḥ parā́bhavan ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Though they were a thousand, kingless, yea ten hundreds besides—those Vaitahavyas, having devoured the Brahman’s cow, were brought to overthrow.

Word by Word

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• सहस्रम्: a thousand
• सहस्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र (prātipadika)

• अराजन्: kingless, without a ruler
• अराजन्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-राजन् (prātipadika; nañ/tatpuruṣa: ‘without a king’)

• आसन्: were
• आसन्: (क्रियापद)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• दश: ten
• दश: (विशेषण)
• Type: Numeral
• Root: दश (संख्याशब्द)

• शता: hundreds
• शता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत (prātipadika)

• उत: and also
• उत: (सम्बन्धसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत (nipāta)

• ते: they
• ते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• ब्राह्मणस्य: of the Brahmin
• ब्राह्मणस्य: (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (prātipadika)

• गाम्: a cow
• गाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (prātipadika)

• जग्ध्वा: having eaten/devoured
• जग्ध्वा: (पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb-derived
• Root: ग्रह्/ग्रस् → जघस्/जघ् (भक्षणे) (धातु; absolutive from √जघ् ‘to eat’)

• वैतहव्याः: the Vaitahavyas (a clan/people)
• वैतहव्याः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैतहव्य (prātipadika; patronymic/tribal name)

• पराभवन्: were defeated / perished
• पराभवन्: (क्रियापद)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परा-भू (धातु)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa tradition (anukramaṇī-dependent)

Devata: Brahman (as sacral authority); indirectly Dharma/Order protecting Brahman-right

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh-like (shorter, epigrammatic)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"raudra","secondary_rasa":"bhayankara","emotional_arc":"From numerical bravado to sudden juridical-cosmic reversal (overthrow).","listener_experience":"A stern warning and protective intimidation: ‘transgress and you fall.’","intensity":7}