Mantra 14
Sukta 70
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
वृषा यूथेव वंसगः कृष्टीरियर्त्योजसा । ईशानो अप्रतिष्कुतः
IAST Transliteration
vṛ́ṣā yū́theva váṃsagaḥ kṛṣṭī́r iyarty ójasā | ī́śāno ápratiṣkutaḥ ||
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
The Bull, like a herd-leader going foremost, by his might he drives the peoples on—sovereign, whom none may turn aside.
Word by Word
वृषाthe bull; the mighty one
वृषा:
Kartā
TypeNoun (used adjectivally)
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) / वृष् (धातु, ‘वर्षणे/सेचने’—व्युत्पत्त्यर्थ)
यूथम्a herd, troop
यूथम्:
(Upamā; not a kāraka in itself)
TypeNoun
Rootयूथ (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike, as
इव:
(Upamā-marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
वंसगःthe herd-leader; leader of the troop
वंसगः:
Kartā (apposition to वृषा)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवंसग (प्रातिपदिक; ‘वंश/वंस’ + ‘ग’ = ‘going/leading with the herd’—lexical stem)
कृष्टीःthe peoples, communities
कृष्टीः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
ईयर्तिdrives on, sets in motion
ईयर्ति:
(Kriyā)
TypeVerb
Rootईर् (धातु; प्रेरणे/गतौ)
ओजसाby strength, with might
ओजसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootओजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
ईशानःruling, sovereign
ईशानः:
Kartā (apposition to वृषा)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootईशान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √ईश् ‘to rule, possess’ → शानच्/आनच्-प्रत्ययः)
अप्रतिष्कुतःunrepulsed, unobstructed; irresistible
अप्रतिष्कुतः:
Kartā (qualifier of the subject)
TypeAdjective (past-participial sense)
Rootअ- + प्रति- + √स्कु (धातु; ‘to cover/obstruct/ward off’—as in प्रतिष्कु/प्रतिष्कुत ‘repelled, obstructed’) → प्रतिष्कुत (कृदन्त/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
Attribution
Rishi: RV-derived
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"From rallying strength to stable sovereignty.","listener_experience":"Roused courage, alignment, and confidence in leadership.","intensity":7}