Mantra 2
Sukta 49
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
शक्रो वाचमधृष्टायोरुवाचो अधृष्णुहि । मंहिष्ठ आ मदर्दिवि
IAST Transliteration
śakró vā́cam ádhṛṣṭāyor úruvāco ádhṛṣṇuhi | maṁhíṣṭha ā́ madad dívi ||
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
Śakra—(with) Speech of the two unassailed, wide-voiced—be thou unassailable. Most bounteous, be exhilarate in heaven.
Word by Word
शक्रःŚakra (Indra)
शक्रः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootशक्र (प्रातिपदिक)
वाचम्speech, utterance
वाचम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootवाच् (प्रातिपदिक) < √वच्
अधृष्टायto/for the unassailable (one)
अधृष्टाय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeAdjective
Rootअधृष्ट (कृदन्त/विशेषण) < √धृष् (सहने/धर्षणे) + अ- (निषेध)
उरुवाचःof broad/abundant speech
उरुवाचः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootउरु-वाचस् (समासः: कर्मधारय/बहुव्रीहि-प्रायः)
अधृष्णुहिbe unassailable; withstand!
अधृष्णुहि:
(मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√धृष् (धर्षणे/सहने) ; रूपम्: अधृष्णु- (आज्ञार्थ-प्रयोगः)
मंहिष्ठःmost bountiful, very generous
मंहिष्ठः:
कर्तृ/सम्बोधन
TypeAdjective
Rootमंहिष्ठ (विशेषण; अतिशय-प्रत्यय -इष्ठ)
आtowards, hither; intensively
आ:
(क्रियाविशेषण/उपसर्गः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
मदrejoice; be exhilarated
मद:
(मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√मद् (हर्षे/मदे)
अर्दcrush, smite
अर्द:
(मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अर्द् (हिंसायाम्/पीडने)
दिविin heaven, in the sky
दिवि:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootदिव् (प्रातिपदिक)
Attribution
Rishi: RV-derived
Devata: Indra (Śakra) with Vāc as empowering attribute
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh-like/compact RV meter (as preserved in AV 20)
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"From potential threat to confident invulnerability; ends in uplifted divine exhilaration.","listener_experience":"A tightening of resolve and steadiness in the throat/heart; sense of being ‘backed’ by a higher authority.","intensity":6}