Mantra 1

Sukta 49

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यच्छक्रा वाचमारुहन्नन्तरिक्षं सिषासथः । सं देवा अमदन् वृषा

IAST Transliteration

yác chakrā́ vā́cam ā́ruhann antárikṣaṁ siṣāsathaḥ | sáṁ devā́ amadán vṛ́ṣā ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

When ye two mighty ones mounted Speech, and in mid-air strove for mastery, then all the Gods rejoiced—the Bull (was victor).

Word by Word

• यत्: which/that (relative)
• यत्: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (अन्वय-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द

• शक्रा: O two Śakras (Indra-like ones)
• शक्रा: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: शक्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाचम्: speech, utterance
• वाचम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् (प्रातिपदिक)

• आरुहन्: (they) mounted/ascended
• आरुहन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-रुह् (धातु)

• अन्तरिक्षम्: the mid-air, atmosphere
• अन्तरिक्षम्: कर्म/गत्यर्थे लक्ष्य (destination)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तरिक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)

• सिषासथः: you two desired to command/guide (were intent on directing)
• सिषासथः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: सि-षास् (धातु; desiderative/intensive stem ‘सिषास-’ from √शास् ‘to instruct/command’ in Vedic usage)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: क्रियाविशेषण (समवाय/समुच्चयार्थः)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमदन्: rejoiced, became exhilarated
• अमदन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: मद् (धातु)

• वृषा: the bull; the vigorous one
• वृषा: कर्तृ/विशेष्य (अन्वये—उपपद-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: वृषन्/वृष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bull, vigorous one’)

Attribution

Rishi: RV-derived Indra(-Vāyu) praise tradition (inherited attribution)

Devata: Indra (Śakra), possibly with a dual associate (RV-style pairing)

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh-like (AV 20 often preserves RV meters; this verse scans as a compact stanza)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"raudra","emotional_arc":"Tension of contest → decisive victory → communal assent (devas rejoice).","listener_experience":"Heightened assertiveness, sharpened voice, reduced fear of confrontation.","intensity":7}