Mantra 8

Sukta 4

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यदस्या गोपतौ सत्या लोम ध्वाङ्क्षो अजीहिडत्। ततः कुमारा म्रियन्ते यक्ष्मो विन्दत्यनामनात्

IAST Transliteration

yád asyā́ gopátau satyā́ lóma dhvā́ṅkṣo ajī́hiḍat | tátaḥ kumārā́ mriyánte yákṣmo vindaty anā́manāt ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

When, at her keeper’s stall, the sure portent comes to pass—when the crow hath licked her hair—therefrom the boys die; wasting-disease findeth (them) through lack of due obeisance.

Word by Word

• यत्: which/that (relative)
• यत्: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (यद्-तद् सम्बन्धः) / कर्म (अर्थानुसार)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द

• अस्याः: of her/of it
• अस्याः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of her/of it’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → अस्याः

• गोपतौ: in/at the cowherd/guardian (gopati)
• गोपतौ: अधिकारण (locative: ‘in/at the herdsman/guardian’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोपति (प्रातिपदिक: गो+पति)

• सत्या: true, real
• सत्या: कर्तृ (as predicate/epithet; ‘true/real’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• लोम: hair, fleece
• लोम: कर्म (object; ‘hair/fleece’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोमन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• ध्वाङ्क्षः: a crow
• ध्वाङ्क्षः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: ध्वाङ्क्ष (प्रातिपदिक)

• अजीहिडत्: roamed/moved about, rushed
• अजीहिडत्: क्रिया (कर्तृ: ध्वाङ्क्षः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हिड्/हिण्ड् (धातु; वैदिक-प्रयोगः ‘to move about, roam, rush’), उपसर्ग: आ? (अ- here as augment/phonetic in Vedic)

• ततः: from that; then/thereupon
• ततः: अपादान/हेतु-अर्थे (from that; thereupon)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय-निर्माणः)

• कुमाराः: boys/children
• कुमाराः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमार (प्रातिपदिक)

• म्रियन्ते: die
• म्रियन्ते: क्रिया (कर्तृ: कुमाराः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृ (धातु)

• यक्ष्मः: consumption; wasting disease (yakṣma)
• यक्ष्मः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: यक्ष्म (प्रातिपदिक)

• विन्दति: finds, obtains
• विन्दति: क्रिया (कर्तृ: यक्ष्मः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्/विन्द् (धातु: ‘to find, obtain’)

• अनामनात्: from non-naming; from being unnamed/without being called by name
• अनामनात्: अपादान (source/cause: ‘from/through non-naming’)
• Type: Noun (abstract) / Indeclinable-like in sense
• Root: अनामना (प्रातिपदिक: अ- + आमन/आमनस्?; ‘not naming/without naming’, ‘namelessness’)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (sūkta within AV 12.4; specific ṛṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī)

Devata: Yakṣma (as affliction) and the apotropaic force of correct observance; implicitly Go/household order

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (predominant in AV narrative-legal/omen verses)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"bhayankara","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Alarm at omen → sober resolve to correct observance.","listener_experience":"Serious warning; impetus for purification and care.","intensity":6}