Mantra 12
Sukta 2
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
देवो अग्निः संकसुको दिवस्पृष्ठान्यारुहत्। मुच्यमानो निरेणसोऽमोगस्मां अशस्त्याः
IAST Transliteration
devó agníḥ saṅkásuko divás pṛṣṭhā́ny ā́ruhat | mucyámāno nír énaso ’mógo ’smā́n aśástyāḥ ||
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
Agni the God, saṅkasuka, hath mounted the heavenly ridges; being loosed forth from guilt, unfailing, he delivereth us from evil blame.
Word by Word
देवःthe god
देवः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
अग्निःAgni (fire-god)
अग्निः:
कर्तृ (देवः अग्निः = समनाधिकरण-कर्तृ)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
संकसुकःhaving/like a ‘saṅkasuka’ (epithet; shining/bright—contextual)
संकसुकः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसंकसुक (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-समास, ‘संकसुकेन युक्तः/सदृशः’ इत्यर्थः)
दिवःof heaven
दिवः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी-सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक: दिव्/द्यौ ‘heaven’)
पृष्ठानिbacks/surfaces (upper regions)
पृष्ठानि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootपृष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
आरुहत्climbed/ascended
आरुहत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√रुह् (रुहँ आरोहणे)
मुच्यमानःbeing released / getting freed
मुच्यमानः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (कर्मणि-प्रयोगार्थः: ‘being released’)
TypeVerb (Participle)
Root√मुच् (मुचँ मोक्षणे)
निःout, forth
निः:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनिः (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
एनसःfrom sin/evil
एनसः:
अपादान
TypeNoun
Rootएनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
अमोगःunfailing, not in vain
अमोगः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootअमोग (प्रातिपदिक; a- + मोग ‘vain/fruitless’)
अस्मान्us
अस्मान्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अशस्त्याःfrom reproach/curse (ill-fame)
अशस्त्याः:
अपादान
TypeNoun
Rootअशस्ति (प्रातिपदिक; a- + शस्ति ‘praise/commendation’, hence ‘blame, ill-fame/curse’)
Attribution
Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (anukramaṇī-dependent).
Devata: Agni (as divine purifier and rescuer).
Chandas: Jagatī/triṣṭubh-short (uncertain; depends on recension and scansion).
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"From burden (enas/aśasti) to wonder and relief at deliverance.","listener_experience":"A lifted chest/cleared mind; confidence in protection.","intensity":5}