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Mantra 4

Sukta 16

यदि नो गां हंसि यद्यश्वं यदि पूरुषम्। तं त्वा सीसेन विध्यामो यथा नोऽसो अवीरहा

yádi no gā́m haṁsi yády áśvaṁ yádi pū́ruṣam | táṁ tvā sī́sena vidhyāmo yáthā no ’so avī́rahā ||

If thou smite our cow, if our horse, if a man of ours,—thee will we pierce with lead, that thou, O thou, mayest be no slayer of our heroes.

यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
नःof us / our
नः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootगो (गौः)
हंसिyou strike/kill
हंसि:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
अश्वम्a horse
अश्वम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
पूरुषम्a man/person
पूरुषम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootपूरुष (पुरुष)
तम्him
तम्:
कर्म (object of ‘विध्यामः’)
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
त्वाyou
त्वा:
कर्म (object of ‘विध्यामः’)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
सीसेनwith lead
सीसेन:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootसीस (सीसा)
विध्यामःwe pierce/strike
विध्यामः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootव्यध् (वि + व्यध्)
यथाso that
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
नःof us / our
नः:
सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
असौthat (one), he
असौ:
कर्तृ (of ‘अवीरहा’ as predicate/agent)
TypePronoun
Rootअसद्/असौ (दूरवाचक सर्वनाम)
अवीरहाnot a slayer of heroes; not man-destroying
अवीरहा:
कर्तृ-विशेषण / विधेय (predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-वीर-हा (हा < हन्; बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-समास)

Rishi: Atharvanic seer (traditional attribution varies by anukramaṇī for AV 1.16; consult the Śaunakīya anukramaṇī for exact r̥ṣi assignment).

Devata: Apotropaic address to a hostile being (rakṣas/śatru); functional ‘devatā’ is the counteracting force of the mantra with sīsa (lead) as instrument.

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (4 pādas of ~8 syllables; typical Atharvanic protective meter)

{"primary_rasa":"raudra","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"From conditional warning to forceful deterrence, ending in protective non-killing outcome.","listener_experience":"Heightened assertiveness; readiness to defend dependents.","intensity":8}