Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 42
Devanagari script
एष त्रयोदशोनाम सुविख्यातो नियंत्रकः । समंतात्कृमिभिर्व्याप्तस्तथा च दृढबन्धनैः
Transliteration
eṣa trayodaśonāma suvikhyāto niyaṃtrakaḥ | samaṃtātkṛmibhirvyāptastathā ca dṛḍhabandhanaiḥ
Translation
Inilah neraka ketiga belas yang termasyhur bernama ‘Niyaṃtraka’. Di segala sisi ia dipenuhi cacing, serta belenggu yang ketat dan tak mengendur.
Word by Word
eṣaḥthis (one)
eṣaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम (pronoun)
trayodaśaḥthirteenth
trayodaśaḥ:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottrayodaśa (प्रातिपदिक; त्रि + दश)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; संख्यावाचक-विशेषण (numeral adjective)
nāmaby name
nāma:
Sambandha (Apposition/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnāman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; नाम-शब्दः (quotative/‘by name’)
suvikhyātaḥwell-known
suvikhyātaḥ:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu + vi + khyā (धातु) → vikhyāta (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
niyaṃtrakaḥcontroller / restrainer
niyaṃtrakaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootni + yam (धातु) → niyaṃtraka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
samantāton all sides
samantāt:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsamantāt (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of place)
kṛmibhiḥby worms
kṛmibhiḥ:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛmi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (Plural)
vyāptaḥpervaded / covered
vyāptaḥ:
Karma-samānādhikaraṇa (Predicate adjective/कर्मसमानाधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi + āp (धातु) → vyāpta (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
tathāthus / likewise
tathā:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक-निपात (conjunction/particle)
dṛḍha-bandhanaiḥby firm bonds
dṛḍha-bandhanaiḥ:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootdṛḍha (प्रातिपदिक) + bandhana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (dṛḍhāni bandhanāni)
Speaker
Skanda (deduced from Nāgarakhaṇḍa Tīrthamāhātmya narrative style)
Characters & Entities
N
Niyaṃtraka (Naraka)W
Worms (kṛmi)FAQs
Karma binds; the imagery of worms and fetters portrays how wrongdoing becomes a constricting captivity for the soul.
This verse does not name a specific tīrtha; it continues the chapter’s didactic description of narakas.
No direct ritual is stated in this shloka.